5 . Popper . R. The Open Society and its Enemies, vol. 1. Addendum III: Reply to a Critic. 4th edition. London: Routledge, 1962 ( : . , . 1. () III. M., 1982, . 400-424). . . . (337:)
, , , , :
(1) , , ( VI 10 )?6 55 10 7, . (G. Grote), . (. Taylor). , , , (2).
(2) , , ?
(3) , , , , ?8
(4) , -
6 . Popper K. R. The Open Society and its Enemies, vol. 1, pp. 194-195 ( : . , . 1, . 241). . . .
7 Ibidem, vol. I, pp. 305-306. , . 1, . 378-379. . . .
8 Ibidem, vol.1, p. 165-166. , . 1, . 208-209: , . . , , , , ... , , , ... . , : , , , , . , , , , , .
, , . ? . , , , , , , , , . (, , : , , , -, , .) , : , ... , ... , , ... .
|
|
-. . . , , , . ( .) , . . . .
338
, , - ?
(5) , 9, , , ?
, ? , , , . , (R. Robinson), : , , , , 942, , , . ( , , , , : ... (, 942d)).
. , - ?
. - () I 10, . , , , , . . , , , . , . , , . , (positive) , . , , , . , . . , , , , , . , , , .
|
|
9 Ibidem, vol. I, p. 7. , . 1, . 37. . . .
10 Ibidem, vol. 2, p. 393-395. , . 2, . 470-473. . . .
339
. , , , . , , . . . , - . . : , . , . , . , , , , . , . , . . . . , , , .
*
* . . .
A
. 210, 217, 219
(abduction) . 42-44, 216, 227, 270, 273, 278, 364, 366, 370, 384, 385-400
224, 237
121
158
(, ) 72, 159, 171, 231, 257, 272
63
( ) 341, 342
108
341, 342, 348, 352, 358
() 197, 343, 344, 347, 348, 362
18, 25, 26, 60, 62, 92, 58, 131, 207, 208
67
vs 199, 200
52
( ) . 61, 63, 68, 148, 205
159, 372
24, 25, 58, 68, 69, 86, 96, 200, 209, 211, 272
42-44, 364, 377, 378, 384, 385, 406, 407, 411, 417, 421, 422
342
261
344
316, 317, 323, 324
353
27, 122, 195
|
|
130
60, 128, 205-206
60, 68, 121, 125, 131, 142, 151, 157, 161, 171, 205-208, 294, 295
vs. 125-128
() (arguments) 16, 25, 29, 61-63, 70, 76, 85, 91, 96, 148, 154, 168, 173, 202, 228, 260, 270, 277, 304, 312, 324, 344, 347, 359, 372, 384
53, 159
256
71
24, 61, 128, 311
53, 86, 109, 110, 186, 188
19, 188
232
(, ) (bucket theory of knowledge/mind) . 25, 59-61, 63, 208
-----------, 60-63, 208
(basic facts) 245, 247, 248
221, 294
203, 204, 208
. 110
154
. . 204
62, 64, 68
, 5, 18, 26, 49, 53, 81, 90, 92, 164, 180, 187, 200, 264
, . 33, 187
192, 198, 202, 203
33, 173, 179, 189, 203
, . 33, 187
53, 262, 295, 305
(good) . ; 352, 354
(benefit) 41, 337, 338
341, 342
, (goodness) 339
335
122
, 339
,------ 77, 121
, . 123
306, 355
66, 67
66, 87
320
.
312
.
79, 88, 122, 166, 187-190, 193, 201, 266, 328, 338, 342, 345
, 189
, 188-190, 193
187, 188
269
330
(variations) 20, 21, 81, 82, 94, 102, 106, 116, 129, 157, 204, 205
() 81, 82, 102, 108, 111, 117, 119, 221
103, 104
54, 243, 316, 325
431
(belief) . 70, 95, 119, 140, 176, 179, 220, 221, 223, 248, 280, 316, 327, 341, 342, 345
, 95
, 95
, 97
(faith) 93, 99, 121, 141, 239, 294
, 84, 304
59, 155, 247, 375
(belief) 258
( ) 121. 157, 177, 178, 421
30, 54, 87, 102, 107, 155, 178, 180, 182, 190, 213, 293-295, 297, 301
186
31, 293, 294
30, 221, 293-295
vs .. 180, 184, 185, 188
297
293, 294
(propensity) 31, 32, 87, 181-186, 283
() 186, 294
, () . 178, 180-185, 186, 188, 193, 194
(, ) 6, 70, 86, 91, 95, 123, 125, 129, 158, 159, 170, 199, 204, 226, 233, 281, 308, 312
130-132
() (seeing, insight) . 151, 216, 233, 299
(, ) (visibilia) 253, 277
. ( )
101, 123, 214
306, 341, 350, 351, 355, 358
(nested hierarchy) 99, 101, 119
------ 101, 136
335
(water shrew) 131, 135
13, 69, 70, 73, 88, 93, 98, 106, 124, 140, 156, 166, 173, 181-185, 188, 191, 193, 198, 213, 218, 220, 237, 240, 241, 246, 254, 257, 261, 274, 275, 288, 301, 311, 318, 328, 334
|
|
181-184 241, 292
, (emergence) 75, 76, 78, 86-88, 122, 153, 189, 209, 212, 261, 285
(coming into being) 242
(origin) 201, 202
(rise) 335
38, 55, 68
2- 341, 352
------ 3- 328
53, 131
. 88
68, 110, 158, 169, 174, 227, 228, 266, 271, 274
170
(percept) 223
(perception) .
24, 59-62, 82, 92, 98, 104, 115, 125, 129, 132, 134, 144, 158, 159, 172, 198, 205, 223, 229-234, 237, 280, 299
61, 92, 93, 130, 132
61 (admiration) 341
54, 106, 129, 216, 217, 221, 232
49, 54, 129, 130, 185, 206, 208, 229, 264
(innate) 261, 267
126, 258, 260, 261, 288
9, 11, 126, 149, 288
259-261
9
(universality) 227, 229
. 2
(Secondness) 226, 234-237, 275
(choice) 79, 83, 87, 135, 149, 155, 193, 217, 252, 286, 294, 307, 334, 335, 345, 348, 354, 355, 361, 362
(search by random groping) 213, 218
-, . 354, 362
(decision between) 155
. ,
(deduction) 94, 232
, . (natural d.) 283
(derivation) 193, 309
(inference) 95, 96, 127, 226, 232, 295, 307-309
() (derivability) 309
------(deducibility) 72
(survival) 22, 23, 84, 89, 94, 101, 113, 116, 119, 120, 123, 124, 129, 132, 135, 165, 185, 188, 197, 204, 205, 207, 214
, 57, 59, 94, 132, 135, 156, 210, 211, 218, 219, 227, 269
. ( ) (propositions) 113, 127, 174, 232 233, 252, 271, 272, 293, 295, 297, 308, 349
(general p.) .
295
(universal p.) . , 232
(particular p.) 295
(statements) 66, 72, 94, 127, 177, 245-247, 253, 255, 265, 267, 296, 306, 335, 363
(privileged s.) 245
(protocol s.) 245, 247
432
(self-referring s.) 363
(utterances) 265, 278
. 41, 47, 326, 339
20, 79, 165, 317
175
80, 119
21, 63, 79, 80, 94, 119, 205
159, 256
47, 159, 162
82, 107
11, 13, 42, 60, 67, 73, 100, 110, 117, 118, 125, 131, 135, 140, 156, 178, 195, 210-220, 225, 227, 238, 269-271, 281, 309, 312, 331, 343, 364
178
, 6, 60, 62, 77, 80, 90, 93, 100, 105, 106, 113, 134, 151, 199, 203, 204, 207, 208, 214, 228, 233, 256
105
171, 175
175
(deep structures) ( ) 258, 278
(anger) 160, 172
102
27, 195, 196, 207
160, 351
306
. ,
41, 172, 312, 337, 338, 342, 346, 352
12, 352
, . (gouvernement .) 348
,-------(government) 343
52, 54, 327, 337, 341, 343, 350, 351, 355
(data) 119, 134, 135, 207, 296
(evidence) 96, 172, 243
(given) 172, 206, 207, 245, 246
(testimony) 235
(appearances) 278
(observations) 62, 133, 134
(immediately g.) 148
/ (empirical e.) 218, 220, 243, 250
(statistical d.) 183, 184, 301
(phenomenally g.) 133
(sense d.) 59-62, 98, 99, 106, 149, 198, 199, 206, 208, 230, 245, 280
------- 61
(experimental e.) 119
. 57, 79, 84, 85, 91, 101, 117, 123, 124, 134, 140, 145, 156, 163, 165, 166, 175, 214
() 210, 211, 220
vs. 217-219
(twenty questions) 217, 220
(mover) ( ) 190, 192
. 308, 309
. 110, 163, 232, 366, 367, 370, 396
, (action, acting) 55, 63, 66, 85, 88, 93, 95, 99, 113, 114, 121, 124, 125, 149, 184, 187, 197, 207, 208, 216, 218, 221, 224, 255, 311, 313, 322, 338, 342, 345, 351, 352
|
|
255
, . 292, 339
, . (way) 197, 362
(effect) . (effect); 63
(reality) . 24, 31, 41, 57, 112, 145, 164, 213, 290, 292, 339
148, 150, 151
105
() . 154, 164
. () 350-352
(manifest theory of truth) 225, 274
(demonstration) 81, 117, 235
. 236
92, 99, 125, 128
. , 64-66, 88, 96, 125, 226, 275, 302
32, 187, 192, 193, 272, 393
67, 68, 71, 151, 337, 353, 354
.
(diagram) . ( ) 234, 236
236
236
(dyad) . 234
12, 162, 315, 319, 325, 327
54
199
355
351, 353
.
87
355
241
287
. 295
433
68, 70, 87, 100
(goodness) . 54, 350, 361
(right and wrong) 54
(guesses, guessing, guesswork) . 30, 99, 110, 129, 157, 158, 167, 169, 170, 197, 214, 228, 271, 283, 293, 421
101, 299, 351
(proof) 13, 38, 72, 91, 158, 163, 169, 170, 197, 226, 334
77, 121, 339
------ 339
72, 169
(duty) 160, 318, 323
62, 198-200
(certainty) . , , 64, 93, 116, 172, 177, 184, 197, 201, 245, 272
, , , , (validity) 18, 44, 94, 120, 125, 131, 159, 238, 250, 267, 307
(genetic drift) 80, 81
134
134
. . 272, 279
(, ) . 339, 346-349, 359, 360
85, 128
134
(mind) . 35, 71, 84, 85, 88, 89, 174, 283, 360
(, ) () 77, 84, 85, 89, 91, 132, 283, 284
(spirit) 179, 252
(spirit of a period/age; Zeitgeist .) 286, 361
37, 300-306, 318, 324
(science) 332, 335, 343
, (natural science) 37, 127, 155, 160, 174, 238, 277, 299, 323, 324, 343
13, 15, 17, 57, 58, 60, 66, 75-81, 92, 94, 100, 101, 103, 138, 165, 175, 211, 269, 370
------/ 60, 175, 269
------- 101
------ 100
------ 103
-------vs 143
(wish, wishing) 40, 65, 153, 172, 187, 311
153
344, 346
64, 235, 236
71, 179
13, 19, 57, 62, 73, 78, 79, 84-86, 89, 107, 113, 121, 124, 160, 165, 179, 189, 193, 200, 201
102, 104
. 15, 321-323, 328
, . 180, 185
, . 26, 180, 201, 202, 204, 208
112, 361
, . 170
. (, , ..) . 53, 94, 95, 111, 123, 127, 130-132, 155, 159, 171, 191, 193, 215, 239, 346
130, 239, 240
, . 354, 360
vs 32, 191-193
344
347
159, 338
53, 123, 127, 132, 155, 159, 172, 189, 191, 193, 215, 346
------, (wiggling) 239, 240
126
( , ) 100, 112, 119
() 88, 99
102, 104, 106, 118
106, 108
138
(misguided) 301, 302
(buildings) 71
(enlightened) 208
------(common sense) 18, 105, 147, 208
(evil) . 323
(sign) . 65, 66, 231, 234-236
, (knowledge) . ; ; ; (); 6, 53, 57, 59-62, 67, 73, 82, 93, 95, 155, 166, 167, 179, 195, 211, 212, 224, 228-230, 284, 291, 292, 298, 301, 331, 334, 337, 362
.
.
(innate) 12, 107, 126, 206, 260
. 245, 248, 284
127, 343
11, 98, 269
434
11, 26, 96, 135, 136, 149, 195, 196, 269
(ignorance) 37, 298, 299, 301, 369
11, 12, 25, 196
(inheritable) 207
5, 7, 8, 57, 96-98, 117, 132, 155, 167, 197, 213, 214, 228, 242, 245, 250, 254, 260, 261, 267, 269, 325
. (lack of k.) 167, 188
(unconscious) 196, 198
(direct) 114, 148
(fuzzy) .
(certain) 166, 167, 245
67, 149, 207
206, 208
(objective) 26, 73, 132, 135, 179, 196, 222, 224, 225, 242, 245-250, 262, 263, 265, 267, 305, 306
(foreknowledge); (already possessed), (prior/background), (past k.) 102, 103, 113, 124, 130, 150, 155, 159, 162, 198-200, 203, 220, 245
(justified), (well-grounded) 99, 292
68, 89
------- 198
(, , ) (growth, expansion, acquisition, development) . 52, 57, 61, 67, 95-98, 112, 114, 119, 136, 148, 155, 158, 209, 214, 228, 245-247, 250, 255, 259-267, 269-272, 274-276, 320
(vague) .
128, 245 (meaning) .
235
. 159
236, 237, 241
() 115, 116, 171, 223, 230, 233, 241, 256, 272, 281, 299, 361, 362
(truth values) 362
89, 93, 103, 105, 204, 277
93
------ 93, 94
151
, ( ) 105, 106
, 105, 106, 150
. 55, 66-68, 122, 182, 211, 216, 220, 296, 320, 334, 346
182, 295
160, 172
55, 121, 259
. 5, 79, 89, 91, 98, 109-111, 123, 125, 127, 153, 158, 162, 164, 170, 228, 231, 243, 258, 268, 271, 276, 284, 305, 319, 320, 337, 343, 344
228, 252
146, 228, 252, 370
160, 173, 308, 361
(idiographic) .
100, 101
/ (selective retention) . 21, 94, 102, 105, 108, 116, 119, 121, 122, 221
------ 115, 116
------- / 11, 94, 96, 102, 103, 119, 221
------ 102
/ (selectivity) 68, 80, 81, 83, 87, 105, 106, 116, 118, 119, 123, 161, 163, 166, 172, 200, 218
335, 336
172
133
(variance) 7, 21, 83, 89, 96, 102, 121, 124, 136, 264
--
(variation-cum-invariance) 165
(dimension) 172, 301
(measurement) 37, 182, 187, 240, 294, 320
(meter reading) 238
(inventions) . 58, 60, 61, 67, 68, 70, 72, , 117, 118, 126, 203, 204, 207, 266
(simultaneous) 117, 118