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Exercise 2. Find these words and word expressions in the following text. Translate them into Russian. You can use them while retelling the text.




output device, computer hardware equipment, data processing, text, graphics, tactile, audio, video, letters, numbers, punctuation marks, symbol, byte, storage space, words, sentences, paragraphs, digital representations, non-text information, drawings, charts, photographs, animation, images, storage space, tactile output, line drawings, drawings, video, speeds, digital image, image stored on a computer, display on a screen, print on paper, collection of numbers, computer's hard drive, graphics adapter, built-in graphics capability, graphics card, graphics adapter, motherboard, graphics card, raster images, bitmap images, haptic technology, tactile feedback, technology,vibrations, motions, user, printers, wax jet printers, line drawings, handheld devices, array of vibrating pins, tactile outline, characters, viewing window, device, speech output systems, screen text, computer users, special software programs, screen readers, screen, speech synthesizers, convert data, vocalized sounds or text, peripheral, electronic document, physical media, individual printers, local and network users, printers, memory cards, digital cameras, scanners, commercial printers, low-volume, short-turnaround print jobs, hard copy, consumer printers, local printers, digital photo printers, virtual printer, computer software, printer driver, computer printer, laser printer, high quality text, graphics, digital photocopiers, multifunction printers, laser printers, xerographic printing process, analog photocopiers, image, direct scanning, laser beam, printer's photoreceptor, toner-based printer, LED printer, inkjet printers, solid ink printers, office printers, transparencies, acquisition and operating costs, dye-sub printers, high-quality colour applications, colour photography, high-end print shops, consumer photo printers, thermal printers, impact dot matrix printers, smaller, lighter and consume less power, portable and retail applications, roll-based printers, refill a printer, commercial applications of thermal printers, filling station pumps, information kiosks, point of sale systems, voucher printers in slot machines, print on demand labels for shipping and products, and for recording live rhythm strips on hospital cardiac monitors, cash registers, gasoline dispensers, fax machines, obsolete and special-purpose printing technologies, typewriter-derived printers, teletypewriter-derived printers, daisy wheel printers, dot matrix printers, line printers, image projector, 3D projection, mapping, three-dimensional points, two-dimensional plane, video projector, video signal, home theatre system, movie projector, filmstrip, moving pictures, slide projector, transparent base, overhead projector, transparent image, opaque projector, overhead projector, planetarium projector, enlarger, photographic prints, negatives, computer speakers, multimedia speakers, computer speakers, mediocre sound quality, bass, treble controls.

 

Exercise 3. What do you know about these notions?

 

Exercise 4. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

 

Text OUTPUT DEVICES

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form.

Types of output

Some types of output are text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video. Text consists of characters (letters, numbers, punctuation marks, or any other symbol requiring one byte of computer storage space) that are used to create words, sentences, and paragraphs. Graphics are digital representations of non-text information such as drawings, charts, photographs, and animation (a series of still images in rapid sequence that gives the illusion of motion). Tactile output such as raised line drawings may be useful for some individuals who are blind. Audio is music, speech, or any other sound. Video consists of images played back at speeds to provide the appearance of full motion.

Graphics

A digital image is a numeric representation of an image stored on a computer. They don't have any physical size until they are displayed on a screen or printed on paper. Until that point, they are just a collection of numbers on the computer's hard drive that describe the individual elements of a picture and how they are arranged. Some computers come with built-in graphics capability. Others need a device, called a graphics card or graphics adapter board that has to be added. Unless a computer has graphics capability built into the motherboard, that translation takes place on the graphics card. Depending on whether the image resolution is fixed, it may be of vector or raster type. Without qualifications, the term "digital image" usually refers to raster images also called bitmap images.

Tactile

Haptic technology, or haptics, is which takes advantage of the sense of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user. Several printers and wax jet printers have the capability of producing raised line drawings. There are also handheld devices that use an array of vibrating pins to present a tactile outline of the characters or text under the viewing window of the device.

Audio

Speech output systems can be used to read screen text to computer users. Special software programs called screen readers attempt to identify and interpret what is being displayed on the screen and speech synthesizers convert data to vocalized sounds or text.

A printer is a peripheral which makes a representation of an electronic document on physical media. Individual printers are designed to support local and network users at the same time. Some printers can print documents stored on memory cards or from digital cameras and scanners.

Consumer and some commercial printers are designed for low-volume, short-turnaround print jobs; requiring virtually no setup time to achieve a hard copy of a given document. However, printers are generally slow devices (30 pages per minute is considered fast, and many inexpensive consumer printers are far slower than that), and the cost per page is actually relatively high. However, as printers have improved in quality and performance, many jobs which used to be done on printing presses are now done by print on demandor by users on local printers. Local printers are also increasingly taking over the process of photofinishing as digital photo printers become commonplace.

A virtual printer is a piece of computer software whose user interface and API resembles that of a printer driver, but which is not connected with a physical computer printer.

Toner-based printers

A laser printer rapidly produces high quality text and graphics. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers (MFPs), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor.

Another toner-based printer is the LED printer which uses an array of LEDs instead of a laser to cause toner adhesion to the print drum.

Liquid inkjet printers

Inkjet printers operate by propelling variably sized droplets of liquid ink onto almost any sized page. They are the most common type of computer printer used by consumers.

Solid ink printers

Solid ink printers are most commonly used as colour office printers, and are excellent at printing on transparencies and other non-porous media. Solid ink printers can produce excellent results. Acquisition and operating costs are similar to laser printers. Drawbacks of the technology include high energy consumption and long warm-up times from a cold state.

Dye-sublimation printers

Dye-sub printers are intended primarily for high-quality colour applications, including colour photography; and are less well-suited for text. While once the province of high-end print shops, dye-sublimation printers are now increasingly used as dedicated consumer photo printers.

Thermal printers

Thermal printers print more quietly and usually faster than impact dot matrix printers. They are also smaller, lighter and consume less power, making them ideal for portable and retail applications. Roll-based printers can be rapidly refilled. Commercial applications of thermal printers include filling station pumps, information kiosks, point of sale systems, voucher printers in slot machines, print on demand labels for shipping and products, and for recording live rhythm strips on hospital cardiac monitors.





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