(. . ) , .
d (D G i) m i = (¾¾¾¾)p,T dni |
m i-- :
, i- ( , ) . - . , , . .
, :
d (D Gi) d (D Hi) d (D Ui) d (D A) m i = (¾¾¾¾)p,T = (¾¾¾¾)p,T = (¾¾¾¾)V,T = (¾¾¾¾)V,T dni dni dni dni |
6
6.1. .
, . . , , : (, ), , () , ( ).
(a b) , :
m a = m b
, . , , - . . , , , - .
, , ... (1834).
|
|
d m a = d m b
, ,
dG a = d G b
G, m, , :
dG a dG a dG b dG b (¾¾¾)T dp + (¾¾¾)p dT = (¾¾¾)T dp + (¾¾¾)p dT. (6.1) dp dT dp dT |
dU = TdS - pdV,
,
dG dG (¾¾¾)T = V (¾¾¾)p = - S dp dT |
(6.1), :
V a dp - S a dT = V b dp - S b dT
dp S b - S a D S ¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾. dT V b - V a D T |
D G = D H - T D S = 0,
D S = D H / T
, ,
dp D ¾¾ = ¾¾¾. dT T D V |
- - - , , , . dp / dT , , , .
D H ࠠ- D H , D H D H . - , . ., , , , .
D V , . , :
D V = V - V ,
- :
D V = V - V ,
( ) , ; 3/. . L, /:
L . . = D H . . / ,
- , /. , . 3/. , .
d (D A) Wmax = - D U - T (¾¾¾)V. dT |
, , - :
:
d (D A) - wmax - D U ¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ dT T |
, D A = - w max,
dwmax D U + wmax ¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾. dT T |
w = p D V
d (p D V) D U + p D V D
¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾ dT T |
, , ,
dp D ¾¾ D V = ¾¾ dT T |
dp D ¾¾ = ¾¾¾. dT T D V |
dp / dT, , . , , :
D p D ͠ D ¾¾ = ¾¾¾ D p = ¾¾¾ D T. D T T D V T .. D V |
, , , :
dT T D V ¾¾ = ¾¾¾. dp D |
D D V T . D V ¾¾ = ¾¾¾ D = ¾¾¾ D . D D . D |