- - , . n4 - , , n4-
:
2MnO2 + 3Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O
2K2MnO4 + Cl2 → 2KMnO4 + 2KCl
:
1. - (VII)-
: + KMnO4
KMnO4 + H+ = Mn2+ ( n4)
KMnO4 + H2O = MnO2 ( )
KMnO4 + OH- = MnO42- ( )
2.
epaaaa (, )
75. +3.
́ ́ (III) Cr2O3 ( )
, , , 2435C.
:
1. ()3
2()3 = r2O3 + 32
2. (NH4)2Cr2O7
(NH4)2Cr2O7 = r23 + N2 + 42
(III) Cr2O3 -
1. (III)
r2O3 + 6HCl = 2Crl3 + 32
2. :
r2O3 + 6NaOH + 32 = 2N3[r()6]
- (III):
r23 + 2Na = 2Nar2 ( ) + 2
r23 + 6Na = 2Na3r3 ( ) + 32
Cr2O3 - , : Cr2O3 + 3KNO3 + 2Na2CO3 → 2Na2CrO4 + 3KNO2 + 2CO2↑
:
Cr2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Cr
(III) Cr(OH)3 - , .
:
1. (III) :
Crl3 + 3 = ()3↓ + 3Kl
2. (III) :
2Crl3 + 32CO3 = r2(CO3)3 + 6Kl
r2(CO3)3 + 3H2O = 2r()3↓ + 3CO2↑
:
1. :
2r()3 + 3H2SO4 = r2(S4)3 + 62
r()3 + 3NaOH = N3[r()6]
2. :
2r()3 = r23 + 2
76. +6.
(VI) r3 -
(VI) : H2CrO4 H2r2O7
.
xpoa (VI):
r3+ 2(.) = 2r4
2r3 + 2(.) = 2r27
r3 : r3 + 2NaOH = Na2CrO4 + 2
xp, , K2CrO4 - .
: 2r2O7 - .
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r3 :
r3 + 2NaOH = Na2CrO4 + 2
: 2Na2rO4 + H2SO4 = N2r2O7 + Na2SO4 + H2O
exo :
N2r2O7 +2NaOH = 2Na2CrO4 + H2O
- :2rO42- + 2H+ = r2O72- + H2O ( )
r2O72- + 2OH- = 2CrO42- + H2O ( )
Xpoa - .
: K2r2O7 + 3N2S3 + 4H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + r2(SO4)3 + 2SO4 + 4H2O
K2r2O7 + 6KI + 7H2SO4 = 4K2SO4 + r2(SO4)3 + 3I2 + 7H2O
K2r2O7 . - , .
.
́ I , 5 . . , 47. Ag.
: 5s14d10
, d- , , . : +1
, . , , , , , . , , .
:
, .
: Ag2S - , ; AgCl -
:
-, , , . .
: 1. . , Ag2S;2. :
2Ag + I2 = 2AgI ( , ( ) ); 3. Ag2S; 4. .
. HNO3 . H2SO4
3Ag + 4HNO3 = 2AgNO3 + NO + 2H2O
2Ag + 2H2SO4 = Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
.
(I) - Ag2O
AgNO3 + NaOH = NaNO3 + AgOH
2AgOH = Ag2O() + H2O
:
Ag2O +2HNO3 = 2AgNO3 + H2O
Ag2O + 4NH4OH = 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH + 3H2O
Ag+
) :
Ag+ + Cl- = AgCl ( )
AgCl + 2NH3 = [Ag(NH3)2]Cl
) :
2AgNO3 + Na2S2O3 = Ag2S2O3 + 2NaNO3
Ag2S2O3 + H2O = Ag2S + H2SO4 ( Ag2S2O3, , Ag2S)
78. +1, +2. .
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(I)
:
g2(N3)2 + 2NaOH = 2NN3 + Hg2↓ + 2
2Hg+ + 2- = Hg2O↓ + 2 ( - )
(I)
(I) - g2(N3)2 - (I). :
6Hg + 8N3 = 3g2(N3)2 + 2NO↑ + 42
(I) - Hg2C12 - , .
HgC12 + Hg = Hg2C12
Hg22+ + 2l- = Hg2Cl2
(II)
:
g(N3)2 + 2NaOH = 2NN3 + Hg↓ + 2
Hg2+ + 2- = HgO↓ + 2 ( , (II))
(II)
(II) - g(N3)2 - .
Hg + 4HNO3(.) = Hg(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
.
(II), , HgC12 - , , . HgC12 .
HgS4 + 2NaCl = Na2S4 + HgC12
(II)- HgI2 - - (II)
Hg2+ + 2I- = HgI2 ↓
, :
HgI2 + 2I = K2[HgI4]
(II) HgS - . (II).
Hg + S = HgS
g(N3)2 + H2S = gS + 2HN3
(II) .
́ . . . (, , ) , , , - , ( , ).
