· bold [bould] a смелый · merry [`meri] a веселый · proud [praud] a гордый · cruel [`kru¶l] жестокий · real [ri¶l] a реальный, действительный, настоящий, истинный, несомненный · possible [`pÉsibl] a возможный · genuine [`d enjuin] a 1) подлинный, истинный, неподдельный, настоящий; 2) искренний · semi- [`semi] pref полу-; semi-historical figure (character) [`semihis`tÉrik¶l `fig¶ (`kærikt¶)] полуисторическая личность, фигура · oppressive [¶`presiv] a деспотический; гнетущий, угнетающий · to pass time [pa:s] проводить время · church [tò¶:tò] n церковь; churchman [`tò¶:tòm¶n] церковник · noble [`noubl] a благородный, великодушный; величественный, величавый; титулованный, знатный; noble n = nobleman [`noublm¶n] n 1) титулованное лицо, пэр (в Англии); 2) дворянин · die [dai] v умереть · grave [greiv] n могила · suppose [s¶`pouz] v предполагать, полагать, допускать, думать; supposed a мнимый, предполагаемый · believe [bi`li:v] v верить; доверять · doubt [daut] v 1) сомневаться, колебаться; 2) не доверять, подозревать; n сомнение · inscription [in`skripò¶n] n 1) надпись; 2) краткое посвящение (книги и т. п.) · century [`sentòuri] n столетие, век · lettering n надпись, тиснение (букв) ·scholar [skÉl¶] n = scientist [`sai¶ntist] n ученый · argument [`a:gjum¶nt] n дискуссия, спор; 2) довод, аргумент ( for – в пользу чего-л., against – против чего-л.); 3) аргументация · exist [ig`zist] v существовать; existence [ig`zist¶ns] n существование, жизнь; наличие · mention [menò¶n] v упоминать, ссылаться (на); n упоминание, ссылка (на) · introduce [,intr¶`dju:s] интродуцировать, внедрять, вводить; was introduced into England – зд. появился в Англии · connect [k¶`nekt] v соединять, связывать; connection [k¶`nekòn] n связь; in ~ with – в связи с · celebrate [,selibreit] v (от)праздновать, прославлять; celebration [,seli`breiò¶n] n празднование, торжество; прославление · Middle Ages средние века; the late (later) Middle Ages – позднее средневековье · liberty [`lib¶ti] n свобода · to stand for smth выступать за что-л., стоять за, поддерживать · right [rait] n право, справедливое требование · law [lÉ:] n 1) закон, правило; 2) юр. право, юриспруденция
Упр. 12. Прочитайте, перепишите и дайте письменный перевод следующих интернациональных слов. Если необходимо, пользуйтесь словарем:
legend [`led ¶nd] n, legendary [`led ¶nd¶ri] a, hero [`hi¶rou] n, heroic [hi`rouik] a, romantic [r¶`mæntik] a, ballad [bæl¶d] n, centre [`sent¶] n, person [p¶:sn] n, a real person, history [`hist¶ri] n, historical [his`tÉrik¶l] a, historian [his`tÉ:ri¶n] n, basis [`beisis] n, copy [`kÉpi] n, argument [`a:gjum¶nt] n, festival n, myth [miq] n, mythical [`miqik¶l] a, figure [`fig¶], ideal [ai`di¶l] n, common people, liberty [`lib¶ti] n, tyranny [`tir¶ni] n.
Упр. 13. Потренируйтесь в чтении имен собственных:
England [`ihgl¶nd], Nottingham [`nÉtih¶m] г. Нотингем, Yorkshire [`jÉ:kòi¶] – графство Йоркшир, Robin Hood [`rÉbin hud].
Упр. 14. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Найдите в словаре значение неизвестных вам слов и запишите их в свою работчую тетрадь:
TEXT ROBIN HOOD
(a real person or a mythical character?)
One of the most romantic of all legendary heroes is the bold Robin Hood of England. The old ballads tell us that Robin Hood with his merry men lived near Nottingham, in the centre of England. They lived a mirthful life, passing time in games of archery, hunting the king’s deer and levying toll on proud churchmen and cruel nobles.
Was Robin Hood a real person? It is possible that there is some historical basis for the legends. They say that Robin Hood lived from 1160 till 1247. Most of the legends say that he died in Yorkshire, and there is a grave which people suppose to be Robin’s.
Some believe that the inscription, which is in 18th century lettering, is a copy from an earlier and genuine stone, but most scholars doubt this. An argument against the existence of the hero is the fact that no historian of the 12th –13th centuries mentioned him. More probably, Robin Hood was a mythical character that was first introduced into England in connection with the plays and morris dances of the May-day celebration. In the 15th century and later the May-day celebrations in England were called “Robin Hood’s Festivals”. Garlands of flowers, a Maypole, morris dances, archery contests and bonfires were features. Robin Hood was King of May, and Maid Marian was his Queen.
Whether Robin Hood was a semi-historical character or only a mythical figure, he represents the ideal of the common people in England in the later Middle Ages. He stands for liberty and the rights of the people against oppressive laws and the tyranny of the nobles.
1. mirthful – веселый, радостный
2. archery [`a:tò¶ri] – стрельба из лука
3. hunting the king’s deer – охотясь на королевских оленей
4. levying toll [`levih `toul] – собирая пошлину
5. most of the legends – большинство легенд
6. more probably [mÉ:`prÉb¶bli] – более вероятно
7. morris dance [`mÉ:ris`da:ns] – танец в костюмах
Упр. 15. Прочитайте текст еще раз и письменно ответьте на вопросы:
1. Who is the text about?
2. What country did he live in?
3. When did Robin Hood live?
4. How do people know about him?
5. Where is Robin Hood’s grave?
6. In what letters is the inscription on the grave made?
7. Why do most scientists doubt the existence of Robin Hood?
8. What do scientists think about the origin of that legendary hero?
9. What is Robin Hood to the common people of England?
THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
Упр. 16. Прочитайте следующие правильные глаголы во 2-ой форме (Past Indefinite), обращая внимание на произношение суффикса –ed: после глухих согласных он передает звук [t], после звонких и гласных - [d], после [t] и [d] - [id]:
Asked, worked, kicked, laughed, tried, called, translated, troubled, tied, stopped, walked, saved, destroyed, jumped, helped, wanted, worried, finished, remembered, lived, liked, loved, respected, watched, visited.
Упр. 17. Приведите и запомните 3 формы следующих неправильных глаголов:
Be, begin, buy, come, do, get, give, go, have, know, leave, meet, read, see, send, show, speak, take, teach, tell, think, write.
Упр. 18. Скажите, что Вы (или кто-то другой) делали это же вчера, на прошлой неделе, в прошлом году …:
Модель: - I often write letters to my friend.
- I wrote a letter to my friend on Sunday.
1. I come home at 6 o’clock. 2. I often think about you. 3. My sister teaches Byelorussian. 4. This boy works at his English hard. 5. My son likes ice-cream. 6. Lessons at our school begin at 8 o’clock. 7. I want to see our first teacher. 8. My daughter often asks me this question. 9. We go there every week. 10. I have a dog. 11. I am a sportsman. 12. She is my friend.
Упр. 19. Сделайте предложения отрицательными и вопросительными:
1. She taught at our school two years ago. 2. I knew that. 3. We told you about that. 4. My mother bought a new coat. 5. They showed us his photo. 6. You asked me this questions. 7. He kicked me. 8. They saved a lot of money. 9. You saw many American films last year. 10. You did it on Sunday. 11. She saw you. 12. We met her in Gagarin Street.
