- ( )
1662 . . , 1676 . . ᒺ . =const ' . , , (2.1)
- ( )
1802 . . -, , ᒺ . p = nst ᒺ ;
, (2.2)
( )
1787 . . , , ᒺ. v=const .
; , (2.3)
1811 . . 쳿 , ᒺ .
- . , ᒺ V1 =V1 1, N1 ', n1, ᒺ N2 n2. m1 m2 p1 p2.
, p1=p2, (1.2)
, (2.4)
(1=2) , , (2.5)
(2.5) (2.4) n1=n2, (2.6)
(2.6) ᒺ V1 = V2 = V,
n1 V = n2 V, (2.7) N1 = N2 = N, (2.8)
. ᒺ 1 = N1 m1, 2 = N2 m2, (2.9)
³ m1/m2 . , , (2.10)
, , ᒺ p=const T=const, . (2.10)
, (2.11)
, , ᒺ , . (2.11) ᒺ. : , (2.12)
, ' : v = idem
ᒺ 1 ( ')
̳ Ѳ , .
, 1 - . .
|
|
ᒺ 1 p T , - . p= 101,325 =760 ... =273,15 , ᒺ 1 =28 /. =1,25 /3, : 3/
, 3/
v -
; , (2.13)