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Vocabulary to be used in discussing a scientific publication 7




. :

1. ,

-,

-es, : potato potatoes, hero heroes.

: metro metros, photo photos ..

2. , -f -fe, -es f v: a wife wives, a shelf shelves.

3. , , -es, i. : a company companies, a city cities, a duty duties. Ho: a day days, a boy boys.

: a man men, a woman women, a child children, a tooth teeth, a foot feet, a mouse mice, a goose geese, a phenomenon phenomena.

(Case)

(the Common Case) (the Possessive Case).

, , :

The secretary asks the director. .

The director asks the secretary. .

, whose.

s (-s) :

brothers name

directors things

, -s:

the engineers room, the managers letters.

. -s, , (the womens children).

. , ( ).

: Moscow University

evening school

UNIT 2

(ARTICLES)

 

, . , , , , : a man , a young man .

: .

 

1. (The Indefinite Article)

: an.

, , an , :

a bus;

an offer.

, , .

Today I have seen a beautiful car. .

 

2. (The Definite Article)

the.

, , .

Where is the cable? ?

The cable is on the table. . ( , ).

. , :

1) , (the best season , the most interesting film );

2) , (the second lesson , the fifth page );

3) , (the sun , the moon , the earth ..);

4) (the Thames , the Volga ), (the Black Sea ), (the Indian Ocean );

5) (the United States , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Crimea , the Caucasus );

6) (the Alps , the Ural Mountains ).

 

UNIT 3

(THE ADJECTIVE)

 

, , : ? ? ?

, , (a large letter , a large family , a large table ).

(a difficult problem) (This problem is difficult).

(Degrees of Comparison)

: (positive degree), (comparative degree) (superlative degree).

, -, -, -er, -ow, -er, -est:

long longer longest

large larger largest

hot hotter hottest

. 1. -, :

large larger largest.

2. , -r -est : hot hotter hottest.

3. , i -r -est: early earlier earliest. : gray grayer grayest.

( , -1, -, -r, -ow, more ( ) most.

interesting more interesting most interesting

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

difficult more difficult most difficult

 

N.B. ( ):

good better best

bad worse worst

many, much more most

little, few less least

 

UNIT 4

(THE PRONOUN)

 

, , .

The story is interesting. It is interesting.

The man is very clever. He is very clever.

1. (The Personal Pronouns)

, , , .

: .

. , .

It is a textbook. It is my textbook.

The teacher is in the room. Our teacher is in the room.

2. (The Possessive Pronouns)

, , , . .

:

mine.

, , , .

, , .

? ? ?

. 1 mine

. 2 your yours

. 3 his his

. 3 her hers

. 3 its its

. 1 our ours

. 2 your yours

. 3 their theirs

 

3. (The Demonstrative Pronouns)

this , , these , .

that , , those , : that day , those days .

, , that those.

: The rivers of Russia are much longer than those of England. .

4. (The Interrogative Pronouns)

: who , whom , , whose , what , which . , .. . what , :

What is on the first floor of your office? ? ( ).

What do you see on the shelf? ? ( ).

who :

Who works usually on Sundays? ?

who whom :

Whom do you want to send there? ?

whose :

Whose laboratory is this? ?

which , :

Which shop is yours? ?

 

5. some any (The Indefinite Pronouns).

n (The Negative Pronoun)

some -, -, :

I want to buy some interesting novels. .

Give me some pen. - .

Some .

Some , some . , .

Why did you not ask me to give you some more paper? ?

any -, -, - , , . any , .

Did you get any news from this firm? - ?

She has not any news. .

You may take any of my copies. .

no , , - :

I have no information about it. .

There are no computers in this room. .

no .

 

UNIT 5

. , , , .

 

()

anti- antimonopoly

be- belittle

- cooperation

counter- counterbalance

de- devaluation

- payment

dis- disadvantage

in- indirect

il- illegal

im- impossible

ir- irregular

en- enclose

extra- extraordinary

inter- Interaction

mis- misunderstand

out- output

over- overpay

post- postgraduate

pre- predetermine

under- underestimate

re- rewrite

sub- subdivision

super- supermarket

u1tra- ultramodern

trans- transoceanic

 

(pleasant , unpleasant ).

, : , , , ..

 

-ate to originate

-en to threaten

-ise, to advertise

-ize to organize

.

 

UNIT 6

(THE ACTIVE VOICE)

 

1. (The Present Indefinite Tense)

The Simple Present Tense The Present Indefinite Tense .

to, 3- -s (- es).

: 1. -, -s, -sh, -ch, -, 3- -es: to go goes, to do does, to finish finishes, to discuss discusses.

2. - , 3- -es, i:

to study studies.

: to stay stays.

Present Indefinite do ( 3- does) not. : dont, doesnt.

I dont like to buy clothes myself.

Present Indefinite do (does), .

, , .

: 1) Do you read letters in the morning? Yes, I do.

2) Does your manager read letters in the morning? Yes, he does.

2. (The Past Indefinite Tense)

The Simple Past Tense The Past Indefinite Tense , , .

:

yesterday ;

the day before yesterday ;

yesterday morning (afternoon, evening) (, -);

last () ;

last week (month, year) ago (, ) ;

the other day ;

in 1969 1969 .

, , :

Did you have a nice weekend?

No, I didnt. The weather was not good and I stayed at home.

. 1) Past Indefinite .

2) Participle II.

.

Past Indefinite did not.

: The manager did not look through the mail yesterday morning.

Past Indefinite did, , 1- .

: Did he stay at home last morning?

. to be Past Indefinite was 1- 3- were 2- . .

: Was the General Director in his office yesterday?

No, he wasnt. He was in the conference room.

3. (The Future Indefinite Tense)

The Future Indefinite Tense , .

Future Indefinite Tense will to.

: We will go there by train tomorrow.

Future Indefinite will not, (will not = wont).

: We will not go there by bus tomorrow.

Future Indefinite : will .

: When willvwe see you?

 





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