1. , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) . .
2. : 1) ; 2) . , .
3. 0,12 . , , .
4. , . ?
5. , .
6. , 
α- β- .
7. α- 
.
8.
.
9. n- . He n=2.
10. , , . , . 1,88∙10-28, .
1. .
| = 3∙108 / | |
| G = 6,67∙10-11 3/(*2) | |
| g = 9,8 /c2 | |
| NA = 6,022 ∙ 1023 -1 | |
| 8,314 /(∙) | |
| k = 1,38 ∙10-23 / | |
 = 8,85 ∙10-12 /
| |
 = 4π 10 7 /
| |
| = 1,6 ∙ 10-19 | |
| me = 9,11 ∙ 10 31 | |
| m = 1,672 ∙ 10 27 | |
 = 3,29 ∙1015
 -1
| |
h = 6,63∙10-34 ∙
 =  = 1,05∙10-34 ∙
|
2.
1= 1,01∙105
1...= 133,3
1 = 1,6∙10-19
1Ǻ= 10-10
3.
| , | , | |||
| 1012 109 106 103 | , , , , | 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 | , , , , |
4.
|
|
|
5.
| R |  2
| |
| R |  2 
| |
| L |  2
| |
| R |  2
|
6.
| , | , | 103 /3 | , | |
| 6,95∙108 6,37∙106 1,74∙106 | 1,99∙1030 5,98∙1024 7,35∙1022 | 1,41 5,52 3,30 | 25,4 1,00 27,3 |
