.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

 

( ) xi, yi, yi , xi - . .

 

y = f(x), (1)

 

, .

, y = f(x) :

y = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +... + amxm,

 

a0,a1 ,a2,... am , .

 

 

y = f(x) = a0 + a1x. (2)

 

.

y ( ) . , .

(.. ) () [3-5].

, , y .

, y1, y2, , yn , f(x1), f(x2), , f(xn) - , , , :

 

. (3)

 

, .

( 3).

 

 
 

 

 


 

3 -

 

 

n () n (x1, y1); (x2, y2);....; (xn, yn). , (2).

a0 a1 , (x1, y1); (x2, y2);....; (xn, yn), XOY, y = a0 + a1x.

a0 a1, (2) :

 

, (4)

 

n - , .. y x.

 

F a0 a1 , ..

 

; .

 

, :

 

(5)

 

:

 

; ; ,

:

 

. (6)

 

. 1- a0:

 

.

 

(6):

 

.

 

:

 

, . (7) - (8)

. y x y=a0 + a1x ( ). ( 1).

1

 

xi yi xi2 xi yi
  1.0 1.25 1.00 1.250
  1.5 1.40 2.25 2.100
  3.0 1.50 9.00 4.500
  4.5 1.75 20.25 7.875
  5.0 2.25 25.00 11.250
S 15.0 8.15 57.50 26.975

 

(7)-(8):

 

; .

 

, :

 

y = 1.024 + 0.202x.

 

. . y .

:

 

, (9)

 

, - x y,

 

; . (10)

 

+1 -1 a1.

. , n=5; = 1.63; = 3.0. ( 2).

2

 

xi yi xi - yi - (xi - ) (yi - ) (xi - )2 (yi - )2
  1.0 1.25 -2.0 -0.38 0.760 4.00 0.1444
  1.5 1.40 -1.5 -0.23 0.345 2.25 0.0529
  3.0 1.50   -0.13     0.0169
  4.5 1.75 1.5 0.12 0.180 2.25 0.0144
  5.0 2.25   0.62 1.240 4.00 1.240
S 2.525 12.50 0.613

 

, ,

 

.. .

 

- 4.

3.

, , . , .

. ( ):

 

. (11)

 

:

 

. (12)

 

 

y' = ln y, x' = x, (13)

 

a0 = ln a, a1 = ln b, (14)

 

(2)

 

y' = a0 + a1x',

3

 

n
xi, yi x y. [1..n].
yri y, - . [1..n].
s1
s2
s3
s4
a0, a1
xsr, ysr x y
s5
s6
s7
r

 

 

(7) (8). (11) :

 

a = exp(a0), b = exp(a1). (15)

 

 

, , :

 

, (16)

 

- , .

 

, s .

 

       
 
   
 

 


4 - -

 

 

 

 

.

, , .

, , .

20..30 . , .

[1].

, , . .

, . , .

, . .

y=f(x1, x2,..., xn).

:

1) , .. ;

2) , .. .

.

, , .. , .

, , .

, , -.

, , , . () .

n

n = qk, (17)

 

q - ;

k - .

 

2k, .

( ):

 

, (18)

 

y - ();

b0 - ;

k - ;

bi, bj, bij - ;

xi, xj - ;

c - k ;

i, j - .

, :

1) ;

2) - ;

3) ;

4) ;

5) ;

6) .

, .

, , ( 5).

, .

. .

 

 
 

 


5 -

 

 

, . , - .

, , - .

Xi: - Xi, - Xi, - Xi0.

:

 

DXi = Xi0 - Xi = Xi - Xi0. (19)

 

.

:

 

, (20)

 

xi - ;

Xi - ;

Xi0 - ;

DXi - .

 

 

,

 

 

.

 

. , ( 6), ( 6). , , . k k- k- .

 
 

 

 


 

6 - 22 :

- ; -

 

 

, , ( 2).

:

1) ;

2) , .

, (-1; +1) . 0 - . , .

, , 0, , - , - , - .. 4 , , , .

 

4 - 22 24

 

 

x0 x1 x2 x3 x4
  24     23 22 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1
  +1 +1 -1 -1 -1
  +1 -1 +1 -1 -1
  +1 +1 +1 -1 -1
    +1 -1 -1 +1 -1
  +1 +1 -1 +1 -1
  +1 -1 +1 +1 -1
  +1 +1 +1 +1 -1
    +1 -1 -1 -1 +1
  +1 +1 -1 -1 +1
  +1 -1 +1 -1 +1
  +1 +1 +1 -1 +1
  +1 -1 -1 +1 +1
  +1 +1 -1 +1 +1
  +1 -1 +1 +1 +1
  +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

 

.

1. (18).

:

 

, i = 0, 1, , n, (21)

 

, i, j = 1, 2, , n, i ¹ j, (22)

 

n - ;

xiu - i u;

yu - u;

u - .

 

2. .

: . , .. , . 3-4 :

 

, (23)

 

n0 - ;

- ;

- .

 

3. .

, , - . .

:

 

, (24)

 

.. , n.

:

 

, (25)

 

- i - ;

- i - .

 

, (26)

 

t - , a f = n0 - 1 ( 5).

 

(26) , i - . - (26) , ( ) (18). 0.05.

 

5 a = 0.05

 

f
                                    ¥
12.7 4.30 3.18 2.78 2.57 2.45 2.37 2.31 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.18 2.16 2.15 2.13 2.09 2.04 2.00 1.96

 

 

4. .

, .. .

 

, (27)

 

z - ;

- u - , .

 

 

f = n - z.

 

:

. (28)

 

,

 

F £ F, (29)

 

F - a f f ( 6).

 

 

6 - F(f; f) a = 0.05

 

f f
                            ¥
  161.4 199.5 215.7 224.6 230.2 233.9 236.8 238.9 240.5 241.8 248.0 250.1 252.2 253.3 254.3
  18.5 19.0 19.2 19.2 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.5 19.4 19.5
  10.1 9.6 9.3 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5
  7.7 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6
  6.6 5.8 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.95 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3
  5.9 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6
  5.6 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2
  5.3 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9
  5.1 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7
  4.9 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5
  4.5 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.16 2.1 2.0
  4.4 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8
  4.2 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6
  4.0 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.65 1.5 1.5 1.4
  3.9 3.1 2.7 2.45 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.25
¥ 3.8 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0

 

 

.

, bi, bij y, .. xi (i=0k) - . bi, bij y. .

, . (20). () . .

 

. 360 1440 =4.4 / ( 7).

, , , , .. .

t , . : a w.

 

 

 
 

 

 


7

 

 

- , .

7, - 8.

 

 

7

 

a (X1), . w (X2), /
+1,0 2,92
-1,0 1,46
0,0 2,19
1,0 0,73

 

8 - -

 

x0 x1 x2 a, . w, / t, .
  +1 -1 -1 -1,0 1,46 3,70
  +1 +1 -1 +1,0 1,46 1,95
  +1 -1 +1 -1,0 2,92 2,55
  +1 +1 +1 +1,0 2,92 1,20
  +1     0,0 2,19 2,52
  +1     0,0 2,19 2,40
  +1     0,0 2,19 2,38

 

 

( ):

 

y = b0 + b1x1 + b2x2 + b12x1x2,

 

y t;

x1 a;

x2 - w.

 

(21)(22):

 

b0 = (3,7 + 1,95 + 2,55 + 1,2) / 4 = 2,35;

b1 = (-3,7 + 1,95 - 2,55 + 1,2) / 4 = - 0,775;

b2 = (-3,7 - 1,95 + 2,55 + 1,2) / 4 = - 0,475;

b12 = (3,7 - 1,95 - 2,55 + 1,2) / 4 = 0,1.

 

(n0=3) , 5-7:

 

,

 

:

 

.

 

:

 

, .

 

:

; ;

; .

 

, 5 a=0.05 f = n0 1=3-1=2:

 

t = 4.303.

 

b12 .

:

 

y = 2.35 0.775 x1 - 0.475 x2.

 

. 8:

 

;

;

;

.

 

(27):

 

.

 

 

.

6 a=0.05 f=4-3=1, f=2 - F=18.5.

(29) , .. .

, :

 

,

 

:

 

.

 

, , :

 

.

 

8 - 22 . 9.

 

 
 

 


-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8 - - 22

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8 ()

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8 ()

 

 

9 -

 

  xij , . - [1..7, 0..2], 7- , 2 -
yi , . - [1..7].
  bj . - [0..3]. 4 6 .
trj . - [0..3].
yri . - [1..4].
ys0
Sv2
Sa2
Sb2
.9  
Fr
t
F
i
j
s
p
m
z




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