By the invitation of the French embassy and the Almaty Conservatory, French
jazzmen arrived in Almaty. They do not only perform concerts, but also hold master-classes. The jazz trio consists of: Mr.Fransois Janaut- saxophonist (besides, he is the dean of the jazz chair, Professor of the Paris Conservatory), Mr. Simon Gouber- contrabass, and Mr. Michael Zenito- timpanist.
The musicians have visited many countries of the world and know musical traditions of various peoples. But they have come to Kazakhstan for the first time, and Kazakh folk music became a revelation to them.
Since the early week, French musicians have been holding master-classes on saxophone, contrabass, drum and musical improvising in the Kurmangazy Almaty Conservatory and the Academy of Arts.
The Almaty Conservatory does not teach musical improvising, yet according to the Conservatory rector, Zhanya Aubakirova, students were interested in improvising together with French musicians.
I had a chance to listen to Kazakh folk musicfor the first time. I understood that, like jazz, it has improvising, Mr. Fransois Janaut said.
I have a dream to play Kazakh melodies together with Kazakh musicians, he added.
According to Mr.Janaut, there are gifted students in the Almaty Conservatory. They are eager to study jazz, yet they have only one demerit- they have heard not much jazz, hence they need a chance to get imbued with the jazz spirit.their stay in Kazakhstan.
On Friday evening, they will perform the final concert, where both Kazakh and French musicians will play together. This will be the evening of joint improvising.
қ 11. ә
қ қ: ә ұ
қ :
1. ә ұ
Ә ұққ:
ү ә ұқ ү қ ғ . ә ұ . ә ү өң ғ ү ө қ, ң қ ғ .
ә:
1... ң . :-2011.
2. .. . -. . 2012 288 .
A Man of Contrasts
Alfred Nobel has been called a man of contrast Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt man but became a millionaire; he was a scientist with a love of literature, and an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless: Alfred Nobel, he once wrote of himself, ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with cry, he entered life. World famous for his works, he was never, personally well-known, because throughout his life he avoided publicity. I dont see, he once said, that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it, but since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.
|
|
|
He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a place for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landtime and made a lot of money from government orders for it during the Crimean War.
However, he went bankrupt soon after. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosives in his fathers laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skillful chemist and an excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed, his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward- looking industrialist.
But Nobels main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps because he could not find ordinary human love- he never married- he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor: Id rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials, he once said. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death.
қ 13. ғ ә
қ қ: ә ұ
қ :
1. ә ұ
Ә ұққ:
ү ә ұқ ү қ ғ . ә ұ . ә ү өң ғ ү ө қ, ң қ ғ .
ә:
1... ң . :-2011.
|
|
|
2. .. . -. . 2012 288 .
The two chief families
1. The two chief families in Verona were the rich Capulets and the Montagues. There had been an old quarrel between these families, which was grown to such a height, and so deadly was the enmity between them, that it extended to the remotest kindred, to the followers and retainers of both sides, insomuch that a servant of the house of Montague could not meet a servant of the house of Capulet, nor a Capulet encounter with a Montague by chance, but fierce words and sometimes bloodshed ensued; and frequent were the brawls from such accidental meetings which disturbed the happy quiet of Veronas streets.
2. Old Lord Capulet made a great supper, to which many fair ladies and many noble guests were invited. All the admired beauties of Verona were present, and all comers were made welcome if they were not of the house of Montague. At this feast of the Capulets, Rosaline, beloved of Romeo, son to the old Lord Montague, was present; and though it was dangerous for a Montague to be seen in this assembly, yet Benvolio, a friend of Romeo, persuaded the young lord to go to this assembly in the disguise of a mask, that he might see his Rosaline, and seeing her, compare her with some choice beauties of Verona, who, he said would make him think his swan a crow. Romeo had small faith in Benvolios words; nevertheless, for the love of Rosaline, he was persuaded to go; for Romeo was a sincere and passionate lover, and one that lost his sleep for love, and fled society to be alone thinking on Rosaline, who disdained him and never requited his love with the least show of courtesy or affection; and Benvolio wished to cure his friend of this love by showing him diversity of ladies and company. To this feast of the Capulets, then, young Romeo, with Benvolio and their friend Mercutio, went masked. Old Capulet bid them welcome and told them that ladies who had their toes unplagued with corns would dance with them; and the old man was light-hearted and merry, and said that he had worn a mask when he was young, and could have told a whispering tale in a fair ladys ear. And they fell to dancing, and Romeo was suddenly struck with the exceeding beauty of a lady, who danced there, who seemed to him to teach the torches to burn bright, and her beauty to show by night like a rich jewel worn by a blackamoor beauty too rich for use, too dear for earth; like a snowy dove trooping with crows, he said, so richly did her beauty and perfections shine above the ladies her companions. While he uttered these praises, he was overheard by Tybalt, a nephew of Lord Capulet, who knew him by his voice to be Romeo. And this Tybalt, being of a fiery and passionate temper, could not endure that a Montague should come under cover of a mask to fleer and scorn, as he said, at their solemnities; and he stormed and raged exceedingly, and would have struck young Romeo dead. But his uncle, the old Lord Capulet, would not suffer him to do any injury at that time, both out of respect to his guests and because Romeo had borne himself like a gentleman and all tongues in Verona bragged of him to be a virtuous and well- governed youth. Tybalt, thus forced to be patient against his will, restrained himself, but swore that this vile Montague should at another time dearly pay for his intrusion.
3. The dancing being done, Romeo watched the place where the lady stood, and under favor of his masking habit, which might seem to excuse in part the liberty, he presumed in the gentlest manner to take her by her hand, calling it a shrine, which if he profaned by touching it, he was a blushing pilgrim and would kiss it for atonement. Good pilgrim, answered the lady, your devotion shows by far too mannerly and too courtly; saints have hands, which pilgrims may touch but kiss not. Have not saints lips, and pilgrims too. said Romeo. Ay, said the lady, lips which they must use in prayer.- Oh, then, my dear saint, said Romeo, hear my prayer, and grant it lest I despair! In such like allusions and loving conceits they were engaged when the lady was called away to her mother; and Romeo, inquiring who her mother was, discovered that the lady whose peerless beauty he was so much struck with was young Juliet, daughter and heir to the Lord Capulet, the great enemy of the Montagues, and that he had unknowingly engaged his heart to his foe. This troubled him, but it could not dissuade him from loving. As little rest had Juliet when she found that the gentleman that she had been talking with was Romeo and a Montague, for she had been suddenly smit with the same hasty and inconsiderate passion for Romeo which he had conceived for her; and a prodigious birth of love it seemed to her, that she must love her enemy, and that her affections should settle there where family considerations should induce her chiefly to hate.
|
|
|
қ 14. ғ ә
қ қ: ә ұ
қ :
1. ә ұ
Ә ұққ:
ү ә ұқ ү қ ғ . ә ұ . ә ү өң ғ ү ө қ, ң қ ғ .
ә:
1... ң . :-2011.
2. .. . -. . 2012 288 .
Why Do People Work?
A simple question which goes deeper than the obvious answer, earn enough is to live on. Psychologists have found that mental and physical activity - and work in particular - is a dominant human driving force. Some argue that it is the same set of motivators which led a primitive man to hunt and fight in a tribal setting.
Are some motives more basic than others? Many psychologists refer to the theory of Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, which suggests that motives are ordered. Maslow felt that human beings are born with five systems of needs which are arranged in the hierarchy.
People remain wanting animals all their lives. As one set of needs (motives) is taken care of, a new set replaces it. We work our way up through various systems in order. Maslow's theory begins with physiological needs, such as food, water, oxygen, sex, protection from temperature extremes, activity. These needs for survival are the strongest. They must be satisfied to some degree before other needs appear. If only one of them remains unsatisfied, it may dominate all the others. Once human physiological needs are satisfied, the other needs arise. Adults want stable jobs, saving accounts, and insurance. Thus adequate pay and working conditions are of fundamental importance. When safety needs are achieved, people seek to love and be loved. The family is the most important unit where they receive support. In larger organization it is the team, the department, the company, the trade union or the profession which may satisfy the need.
Once love needs are satisfied, needs to be esteemed by oneself and others dominate. People want to be valued in their communities, at work and at home. They want to respect themselves. Self-esteem is an important part of job satisfaction and is another step in the hierarchy. It means that the individual understands the contribution needed from him and is receiving recognition for making it. Words of congratulation and rewards are necessary things for self-esteem.
|
|
|
The final step is the release of potential. This may be a simple ambition to succeed or the desire to make a contribution to a body of knowledge. People struggle to realize their potentials and to fulfil their ideals. Maslow theorized that these needs predominate in healthy personalities. In his view, only 1 per cent of Americans achieve self-actualization. Why is it so rare? Most of us, Maslow believed, are blind to our true potentials. We conform to cultural stereotype rather than for persona! needs. Concerns about safety make us fearful of risk taking and closed to new experiences.
қ 15. ә ғ ө қ қ қ
қ қ: ә ұ
қ :
1. ә ұ
Ә ұққ:
ү ә ұқ ү қ ғ . ә ұ . ә ү өң ғ ү ө қ, ң қ ғ .
ә:
1... ң . :-2011.
2. .. . -. . 2012 288 .
Memory
Many psychologists believe that there are three main kinds of memory: sensory, short-term and long-term. What makes up each of them?
Imagine that a friend who collects facts informs you about brain weight: a human brain weighs about 3 pounds, an elephant brain approximately 13 pounds, a whale brain - roughly 20 pounds. How may this information make its way into memory? When you simply hear your friend cite the facts, some remembering that you are aware of is going on.
Information that strikes our sense organs is stored on the basis of the so-called sensory memory (SM). Materials held by sensory memory resemble afterimages. Typically, they disappear in less than a second unless they are transferred immediately to a second memory system, short-term memory (STM). How do you transfer sensory data to the short-term store? All you have to do is to attend to the material for a moment. If you listen as your friend talks, you will pass into your short-term memory.
The STM is pictured as the centre of consciousness. The STM holds everything we are aware of - thoughts, information, experiences, - at any point in time. The store part of STM houses a limited amount of data for some time (usually for about fifteen minutes). We can keep information in SM system longer by repeating it. In addition, the short-term memory works as a central executive. It inserts materials into, and removes it from, a third, more or less permanent system, the long-term memory (LTM).
To move the information into the long-term store, you probably have to process it. During this deep processing people pay close attention, think about meanings or operate with related objects in long-term memory. While deep processing is one way to remember something, the other one is to repeat the information.
The short- and long-term systems continually pass information back and forth. The material in the LTM may be activated and transferred to the ST store. It is the ST system that retrieves both long- and short-term memories. Imagine that someone asks you, Do people have the largest brain of anyanimal? Some time after your friend's lecture, the necessary information will be given quickly, it is in the ST store.
