. , .
:
y = kx + b. (3)
k . .
: x = a.
:
Ax + By + C = 0. (4)
. , , , .
:
. (5)
b . , .
, M 1(x 1, y 1) M 1(x 2, y 2):
. (6)
0. , 0 ( ).
, M (x 0, y 0) k:
y y 0 = k (x x 0). (7)
:
. (8)
M (x 0, y 0) , , (m, n) , .
.
.
.
k 1 k 2. j
. (9)
k 1 k 2:
k 1 k 2 = 1. (10)
k 1 k 2:
k 1 = k 2 . (11)
M (x 0, y 0) Ax + By + C = 0:
. (12)
(x 1, y 1), (x 2, y 2), (x 3, y 3):
. (13)
1.4.2. (3; 1), (2; 3), (1; 2). ) ; ) ; ) , ;
) , ; ) ; ) ; ) .
. ) (6):
;
;
2 x 6 = 5 y + 5;
2 x + 5 y 11 = 0 .
) , ) (3):
.
. , :
;
3 x + 9 = 2 y + 2;
3 x 2 y 7 = 0;
;
.
(9)
.
) k 3 (10): k 1 k 3 = 1, ).
. (7):
|
|
y (2) = ;
2 y + 4 = 5 x 5;
5 x 2 y 9 = 0.
) (11), , , . (7)
y (2) = ;
5 y + 10 = 2 x + 2;
2 x + 5 y + 8 = 0.
) (1):
.
) (12) ):
.
) (13):
.
1.5.1. , (2; 0) (0; 3).
1.5.2. (2; 1), (1; 3), (2; 3). ) ; ) ; ) , ; ) , ; ) ; ) ; ) .
, , . , 0 x, 0 y, 0 z, ,
,
.
,
.
= (a1, a2, a3) :
= a1
+ a2
+ a3
.
, , ; .
.
= (a, b, c) A (x 1, y 1, z 1), B (x 2, y 2, z 2) : x 2 = x 1 + a, y 2 = y 1 + b, z 2 = z 1 + c. .
1.6.1. D ABCD, (2, 1, 1), (4, 2, 0), (3, 1, 2).
. ABCD ( ), , . ,
=
= (3 4, 1 2, 2 0) = (7, 1, 2),
D (2 7, 1 1, 1 2), D (5, 2, 1).
:
=
cosa, (1)
a
.
:
1.
=
.
2. =
.
3. =
.
4. .
5. : .
6. = (a 1, a 2, a 3),
= (b 1, b 2, b 3)
= a 1 b 1 + a 2 b 2 + a 3 b 3. .
1.6.2. a = (2, 1, 3),
= (3, 2, 2).
. (1) cosa = ;
=
= 2;
;
;
cosa = .
1.6.3. , (2, 1, 3), (3, 2, 2), (0, 3, 1).
. , a .
= (3 2, 2 (1), 2 3) = (1, 3, 5);
= (0 2, 3 (1), 1 3) = (2, 4, 2).
|
|
cosa , 1.6.2:
= 2 + 12 + 10 = 20;
;
;
cosa = ;
;
.
. sina , .
,
,
,
. . .
, . , .
=
´
, :
(a) , a ;
(b) ,
;
(c) ,
,
.
:
1. ´
=
´
().
2. =
.
3. =
.
4. : .
5. .
6. : ,
, :
.
7. = (a 1, a 2, a 3),
= (b 1, b 2, b 3), ,
.
1.6.4. = (2, 1, 3),
= (3, 2, 2).
. (7)
=
= (2 6)
(4 9) +
(4 + 3) = 4
+ 13
+ 7
= (4, 13, 7).
1.6.5. ABCD, A (3, 2, 0), C (2, 1, 2) D (1, 3, 4).
. ABCD , , . A, C, D,
( , ):
= (3 1, 2 3, 0 + 4) = (2, 1, 4);
= (2 1, 1 3, 2 + 4) = (1, 4, 6);
= (10, 8, 7);
.
,
,
(
´
)
.