Y .
, .. , , . , = {2, 4, 6, 8} Y = {3, 5, 7} :
1) : < b , ∈ , b ∈Y;
2) , Y: { (2,3), (2,5), (2,7), (4,5), (4,7), (6,7)}. (. 1).
. 1
.
P, S, T, R . , Y . R , x R y (, )∈ R.
∈ R() Y, ∈Y , (, )∈R: R() = { | (, )∈ R}. R.
b ∈Y R -1 (b) , (, b) ∈ R: R -1 (b) = { | (, b) ∈R }. b R.
⊂, , Y, R. ⊂Y, y, , R.
S Y. S -1 Y , S -1 , S .
S S -1 . S -1 S .
2.
1. R X Y (. 2). ) , , R. ) , . ) R . ) R -1 , , .
. ) , R = {1, 3, 5, 7}, Y = {0, 2, 4, 6}. , , .. = {1, 3, 5}. Y, . = {2, 4, 6}.
) , , , R : {(1,2), (1,4), (3,2), (3,4), (3,6), (5,6)}.
|
|
) R . 3.
) R -1 R , R -1 R, : R -1 = {(2,1), (4,1), (2,3), (4,3), (6,3), (6,5)}. R -1 . 4.
2. : = {-1, -2, -3, 1, 2, 3, 0}, N . Î . , . -2 0. 9.
. , : {(-1, 1), (-2, 4), (-3,9), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)}. (0, 0) , 0 . -2 4 ( (-2, 4)), 0 . 9 {-3, 3}.
3. R (1, 2), (0, 0), (2, 4), (-1, -2), (-2, -4). . ?
. 3 . 4
. , = {0, 1, 2, -1, -2}. Y R , , Y = {0, 2, 4, -2, -4}. , 2, , y = 2 x.
^
8:
1. , , : ) , ; ) - , .
2. : = {-1, -2, -3, 1, 2, 3, 0}, N . ∈ . , . -2 0. 9.
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