The Morning Chronicle 1805 . , . , , .
, XIX . , The Edinburgh Review ( ) The QuarterlyReview ( ).
1800 . 12 , 1810 40, 1825 100.
, The Massachusetts Magazine ( , 17891796) The NorthAmerican Review ( , , 18151877; -, 18781940) , American Review and Literary Journal ( , 17991802) , The Port Folio (, 18011815) .
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. . 1810 . , 1812 . 1814 . The Times 1100 250 . 1825 . , TheNew York Daily Advertaiser 2000 , .
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. , , advertaiser, commercial mercantile (, The New York Daily Advertaiser ( ), Hunt's Merchants' Magazine ( ), De Bow's Commercial Review of theSouth and West ( )), . , , , . , ( 6 ) , . . 1820- . .
1820- 1830- . , .
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3000 , . , The Liberator, , , . , 5000 . The Liberator, , , , , .
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Freedom's Journal ( ), 16 1827 . - . , , , . : . . , Rights for All ( ), 1829 ., The North Star ( ), 1849 . , .
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1830- . . , . . , , .
(The South Carolina Gazette) . , . , The North Carolina Magazine; or, The Universal Intelligence (- ; , 176465?), The South Carolina Weekly Museum (- , 17971798).
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, , The Southern Review ( , 18281832), The Southern Literary Messenger ( , 18341864), The Southern Quarterly Review ( , 18421857), The Magnolia (, 18401843). The Southern Literary Messenger , TheMagnolia The Southern Quarterly Review . .. , , , , . . , .
- , . , . , 1843 . The Southern Literary Messenger : , , , . , . , . .
, 1846 . , De Bow's Commercial Review of theSouth and West, . , De Bow's Commercial Review of the South and West , . , 5000 , .
, 1830- . , , . .
. 1830 . Godey's Lady's Book ( ). . , , . ( , , ), , . Godey's Lady's Book , . 1850- . 150000 , .
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1830- . , . , , , , .
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1832 ., - . , The Sun 5000 ( , - The Sun The Courierand Enquirer ( ), 4500 ). 15000 .
The Sun , , , . 1835 . The Sun , , , , , , , , . , , , . , The Sun . , , , The Sun.
, 1835 . , 1840 . 4000 . 1846 . 20 .
1830- . ( 1837 ., The Sun 40000 ). - Women () 1834 . The Ladies Morning Star ( ) 1836 .
- penny press . , . X. , 1836 . The Philadelphia Ledger ( ), TheBaltimore Sun ( ), .
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- . 1819 . 16 , The New York Herald (- ). 500 . The New York Herald , . The New York Herald 1836 . 20000 , , 2 .
1836 . : The Herald . , , , , , , <...> , , , The Herald , , , , . , , , , .
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1836 . , The New York Herald 23- - . , .
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The New York Herald , , . 1838 . , ( ) 1320 . , , , .
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10 1841 . - penny press , . The New York Tribune (- ). , 1 5000 , , . , () , .
The New York Tribune, Xopac . 1834 . The New Yorker (-), The LogCabin ( ), The New York Tribune.
penny press , ( , ). , , 7 ( ), , .
. , The New York Tribune , , .
1844 . The NewYork Tribune. , . - , The New York Tribune -. 1846 . , The NewYork Tribune, . , .
1850 . . , . The New York Tribune 5 .
penny press . , , (-), . , , : ? , . .
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penny press , , . , , . 1850- . The New YorkTribune 14 10 . scoop, , . , .
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Penny press 1840- . . , , . - . , ( , , ) 1860 .
1844 . , , . . . : , .
, The New York Herald , . , .