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1986 . - "5" ( ) -6 (). , 1. 27 . 6 , -2 -3 , ( . ).

 

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.., . , , 1997 .// . . 10. . 1998. N 5. .26-81.

.. . , , , , 1995 . // . . 10. . 1996. N 5. .20-

.. ( XVII .) // . . 10. . 1998. N 3. .73-90.

.. // . . 10. . 1998. N 3. .79-92.

.. " ": , //. 1997. N 5. .60-64.

.., .. . , , , 1989 // . . 10. . 1990. N 5. .21-64.

.., .., .. , , 1994 . // . . 10. . 1995. N 6. .19-38.

. . ., 1985.

.. ., 1978.

.. 20-30 . .,1977.

 

 

- . . " ". 1- . . " " - . . .

 

"" - , , .

1609 . "" ("") "". 30- . 17 . 30 , 18 . 200. , . 17 . 350 400 ., "" " " 1,5 .. " " (" ") 1661 . , (" " (" ", 1695 .). 1712 . " ". . : 1763 " - ", 1795 . " ".

17 . , --: " " (1621), " " (1634-1635), " " (1659-1681). - . - . 1641-1649 . " " (" - "), - - "" (" ", 1663 .). 17 . " " (1682 . . .) "" (1688) .

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, 81% , 1.6 .

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1,5 . , - 1,4 . .

. 1995 , . "", , ", , - ". . 4 , , , ; , ( "-"); ( " ") "-", "". , , ( "" ).

: - - Henry Holt and Company, Farrar, Status and Girou, W.H.Freeman, Worth Publishers; - Hanley and Belfus. 1995 70% 3 . .

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6 . " " ( 196 .), " " (101 .), "" (144 .), "-". 53% " " ( 195 .) 51% "".

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. , . " " - , - , 80- . 1994 . 35.74 . - 31.89 . . 1000 439 - 392 .

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- 2 , , - . "", : , . 1991 . 3 :

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. ? "-1" ( ) 4 . , 43% , (20%), -- (20%) (15%). " 7" 2 - (49.5%) ( ), 47.5%.

( ) . - Rete Invest Holding .. (33.5%), (24.9%), " " (24.5%), "" (17.1%).

"-" - 10 . CNN (29%), "Time Varner" (23%), "Nixdorf" (18%). La Savoioienne ( ), , 3%.

"" 47.9% CLT (Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Teledifusi- on S. A.), 37.1% - ( ), 10% " ". " " : 45% " 7" "- ", 10% . "VOX" 49.9% , 24.9% " " " " ".

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.. 1980- // . . 10. . 1991. N 1. .68-76.

. : . ., 1988.

: . ., 1988.

 

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. - "" (1954, 430 . .) " " (1900, 860 ..).

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- - . , " -" (" ") - , 1889 . 80 . . "" ("", 1946 .).

8 , " " " ", 1945 .).





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