1.1.
g-- | ||||
- (-) | L- - | g1=g2=1 | ||
- | g1=1-l/R1 g2=0 | |||
- | g1=g2= =R1=R2 | |||
- | - - | L=R | g1=g2=0 | |
-- | L=R/2 | g1=0 g2=0,5 | ||
- | - - - | L≠R L≠R/2 L≠R1/2+R2/2 | ||
- | L=2R | g1=g2=1 | ||
-- | L=R | g1=0 g2=1 |
. , (.2.14).
. , , .
TEM00q, , , , .
, . , . . , . , , , , , .
.
, , TEM00q. , (, ), .
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.1.28. .
1.26 , TEM00q , , . . TEM00q. , .
.
, , , L . L , N . (.1.29)
.1.29. .
, , , . L, L1 L2, , . , 2 3 . -, .
. , - , , .
( ), / : (l = 0,69 ), - (l ≈1,06 ), , .
() ( ), - . . / . 1017-1020 -3, . , , . AC .
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, , .
1. , . , .. , , .
2. . , (, ) .
3. , , .
, , 0.3...2 3...20 . .
Al2O3, Al+3 r+3 ( α - Al2O3:Cr+3). r3+, - a- (a-Al2O3). Al2O3 - . , r+3 ~ 0,5%, . , AC, 123 r23. 0,05%, 1,6∙1019 /3, - .
, , Dn=ne-n0 = 0,008.
.2.1 Cr+3 . c Cr+3 . Cr+3. 3d ( ) . .
.2.1. Cr+3 . |
2 42. 2 , 29 -1. 42 R2 R1 6929 Å 6943 Å 3000.
, 42 4F1 4F2 ( ).
4F1 4F2 42, 2. , 4F24A2 A31 ≈3105 c-1, w32 2 w32 ≈2107 -1, t32 ≈510-8 -1.
- Cr+3 t2≈ 3 .
, R1 =6943 Å. r, . , , (1-r)/2l, l - . , , G=s21(N2-(g2/g1)N1), s21 - , N1, N2 - , g1 g2 - , :
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D=N2-(g2/g1)N1=(1-r)/2s21l (2.1)
r = 0,5; l= 10 , s21 = 2,5∙10-20 2, D =1018 -3.
, , , 90 60.
. (Y3Al5O12), Y3+ Nd3+ (: Nd3+). , Nd3+ (: Nd3+). : Nd3+ ~ 1 . %, Nd3+ ~ 3 .% Nd2 O3.
Nd3+, , .2.2.
.2.2. Nd3+ . |
Nd3+ 4I9/2 , . , . 4F3/2. 0,2 0,7 . 4F3/24I11/2 (l=1,06 ). 4F3/24I13/2 l=1,32 . 4I11/2 4I9/2, 2∙103 -1, .