1. - : ) NaOH H2SO4; ) FeS HCl; ) CuSO4 Na2S; ) CH3COOH KOH; ) CuSO4 NaOH.
:
1. (, , , , ) .
2. , , , , .
3. , .
4. .
. , , , , , .
) 2NaOH + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + H2O;
2Na+ + 2OH-+ 2H++ SO42- = 2Na+ + SO42-+ H2O;
H+ + OH - = H2O.
) FeS + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2S↑;
FeS+2H+ + 2Cl- = Fe2+ + 2Cl- + H2S↑;
FeS + 2H+ = Fe2++ H2S↑.
) CuSO4 + Na2S = CuS↓+ Na2SO4;
Cu2+ + SO42- + 2Na+ + S2-= CuS↓+ 2Na+ + SO42-;
Cu2-+S2-=CuS↓.
) CH3COOH + KOH = CH3COOK+H2O;
CH3COOH + K++OH- = CH3COO-+K++H2O;
CH3COOH + OH - = CH3COO- +H2O.
) CuSO4 + 4NaOH = Na2[Cu(OH)4]+Na2SO4;
Cu2+ + SO42- + 4Na+ + 4OH- = 2Na+ + [Cu(OH)4]2-+ 2Na+ + SO42-;
Cu2+ + 4OH- = [Cu(OH)4]2-.
2. - :
) 3Ca2++2PO43- =Ca3(PO4)2; ) Ba2++ SO42- = BaSO4;
) CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++H2O+CO2; ) H++OH- = H2O;
) Cu2++4NH4OH=[Cu(NH3)4]2++4H2O.
: , :
) 3Ca(NO3)2+2Na3PO4= Ca3(PO4)2↓+6NaNO3;
) BaCl2 + Na2SO4 = BaSO4↓ + 2NaCl;
) CaCO3 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + H2O + CO2;
) HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O;
) CuSO4 + 4NH4OH = [Cu(NH3)4]SO4+4H2O.
, , , , .
3. NaCl, NaClO, NaClO3, NaClO4 , , , , .
: , , 2, +1:
+1 -1 +1 +1 -2 +1 +5 -2 +1 +7 -2
NaCl, NaClO, NaClO3, NaClO4.
, , , , . , , : 8 N, N , . 1, .
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. + , , +N. +7. NaClO4 . NaClO3 NaClO (+5 +1 ), , . :
NaCl+5O3+3H2SO3=NaCl-1+3H2SO4, (NaClO3 );
NaCl+5O3+I2+H2O=NaCl+7O4+2HI, (NaClO3 ).
4. - :
Cr2(SO4)3+Cl2+KOH K2CrO4+KCl+K2SO4+H2O.
, .
: , ; , (KOH).
Cr+32(S+6O-24)3+Cl02+K+1O-2H+1→ K+2Cr+6O-24+K+1Cl-1+K+12S+6O-24+H+12O-2.
, , :
2r+3 6 e → 2Cr+6 ½ 2 ½ 3 , r+3 - ;
Cl02+ 2 e → 2Cl-1 ½ 6 ½ 1 , Cl02 .
, , . :
r2(SO4)3+3Cl2+16KOH=2K2CrO4+6KCl+3K2SO4+8H2O.
1. . . . .: , 2006. 720 .
2. .. . . , 1985. 264 .