1. - XVIII .
2. XVIII .
3. -
4. XIX .
5.
6. (4050- . XIX .)
4. (18611917)
1.
2.
3.
4. .
5. . .
6. XX .
7.
5. . , . , ..
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
6. XX. .
1.
2.
3. .
4. .
5.
6.
7. - -
8. XX .
9.
7. 19171930 .
1.
2. (19171921)
3. (19211930)
4. 19171930 .
8. 19301954 .
1. 19361941 .
2. 19301941 .
3. (19411948)
4. 19481956 .
5. 19481956 .
9.
1. 19551965 .
2. 19651985 .
3. 19651985 .
4.
, .
- , 550 . .. .
, , II
, , . XVII .
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. . (1796- 1874).
( ) . (1837-1914).
, 1851 . 1853 , 1876 .
, 1885 .
1861 ( )
1861
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[3] . . (18211898). .
[4] . . (17991876) , (1855).
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[6] , 10 . . 1898 . 2260 . , 962 ., 403 ., 1910 . 2814 . ( 300500 . ).
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[9] 20- : 1918, 1919, 1922 . , 1926 . . 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922,1923 . , 1924, 1925 . .
[10] 22 1921 .
[11] .: .. // . 1949 4. . 30.
[12] 1964 . C 1981 . . , -, , , , , , , , , , .
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[13] 1 1925 . .