16.
A = Z + N,
Z ( ); N .
17.
N = N0 eλt,
N , t; N0 ; λ .
18. , t,
ΔN = N0 N = N0 (1 eλt).
Δt, , ,
ΔN = λ N Δt.
19.
T = ln2/λ = 0,693/ λ.
20.
τ = 1/λ.
21.
A = dN/dt = λN = A0 eλt,
dN , dt; 0 .
22.
= /m.
23.
Δm = ZMH + (A Z) mn M,
Z ; MH , ;
mn ; .
24.
= Δm 2,
Δm ; .
1. 0.5 . .
. (0.5 ) (0.511 ), , , .
(1)
h ; p .
, :
(2)
. (3)
(4)
(5)
(1) (5),
(6)
(6) . -, - :
, h λk . ,
(7)
(6) h (7) , m02 = 0,
(8)
λ = 0.0242 Ǻ. , :
Å =1.42 .
2. 180. , 0.51 .
.
|
|
= ε1 ε2, (1)
ε1 ; ε2 .
,
Θ = 180
,
h c,
, , m02 0,
.
ε1 0,
ε1 ε2 (1) , :
= 0.51 0.17 = 0.34 .
3. , L, 7.5 ( )?
. , , . , - (, L, , ), , .
, L , L. , , n = ∞, k = 2, Z = 26:
b . b 7.5 ( ).
.
,
eU = hνmax,
.
L, , K .
4. , 106 /, . 106 , . V ΔV.
. 106 , , Δ = 106. ,
,
(/).
:
/,
, .
5. l , ε = 12.09 .
. l
l (l = 0, 1, 2,, n 1).
n , :
n (n = 1, 2, 3,).
, n = 1 E = 13.6 .
.
ε , (n = 1) . ,
En E1= ε.
, -,
n = 3. , l = 0, 1, 2.
l:
l = 0 Ml = 0,
l = 1 Ml = (h /2π) = 1.49 × 1034 × ,
|
|
l = 2 Ml = (h /2π) = 2.60 × 1034 × .
6. , . V
(h = 6.62 × 1034· × ; = 1.672 × 1024 ; R = 109677 1).
. , ,
, n = 3 ( ):
,
7. 11Νa24 ,
β-. 14,8 . , 1 :
) 10 ;
) 0,01 .
. )
Ν t ; Ν0 ; λ .
(1)
λ , -λt:
(1)
(2)
Ν0 1 11Νa24. - 11Νa24 6.02 × 1026 ( ) ; 1
(2),
.
) , 2t/T.
, λΔt<<1 (2)
ΔN = N0 λ Δt. (3)
(3) λ ,
.
8. , m0 = 1 Ra . 1 = 1.6 × 103 , 2 = 3.8 .
. , :
,
dN , dt; λ .
1 λ1 2 λ2, 2
N1 (0) 1 t = 0.
m0, μ, T1, T2
T λ = ln2,
N0 = NA (m0/μ),
NA ; m0 ; μ .
,
, (), (). , 1>>T2 T1>>t. , 2 T1 T2. , .
,
.