Parliament began to show … to the monarchy under the … from 1603 by using its weapon of …. It began to refuse … for money. This … Charles I to sign … in 1628, which further … the monarch’s power and was intended … him from … without Parliament’s consent.
XI. Переведите следующий текст на английский язык, используя информацию и словарь задания X:
Петиция о правах (1689) является одним из основных (basic) инструментов Британской конструкции. Этот документ является результатом (to be the result of) длительной борьбы между династией Стюартов, английским народом и Парламентом. Король Чарльз I подписал петицию о правах в 1628 году. Этот документ еще больше (further) ограничивал власть короля и разрешал взимать налоги (to levy taxes) только с согласия Парламента. Он гарантировал народу и другие права.
Контрольная работа № 4
Для выполнения контрольной работы необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:
Ø страдательный залог (времена групп Simple Present, Simple Past, Simple Future, Continuous, Perfect);
Ø согласование времен, косвенная речь;
Ø словообразование.
Повторить: времена групп Simple Present, Simple Past, Simple Future, Continuous, Perfect.
Рекомендуемая литература: Зеликман А.Я., Английский для юристов, Учебное пособие, изд-во «Феникс», Ростов н/Д, 1997 – 320стр.. Разделы 11-16, стр. 155 – 239. Грамматический справочник, стр. 293-236.
Дополнительная литература: Брандобовская Р.Л., Петриченко Н.И.. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку, часть I, Минск, 1998, Раздел VI, стр. 40-46, Раздел VII, стр. 47-55.
I. Прочитайте текст:
Professional titles
Although many kinds of people working in or studying legal affairs are referred to as lawyers, the word really describes a person who has become officially qualified to act in certain legal matters because of examination he has taken and professional experience he has gained. Most countries have different groups of lawyers who each take a particular kind of examination in order to qualify to do particular jobs. In Japan, a lawyer must decide whether he wants to take the examination to become an attorney, a public prosecutor or a solicitor. In England, the decision is between becoming a barrister or a solicitor. Barristers specialize in arguing cases in front of a judge and have the right to be heard, the right of audience, even in the highest courts. They are not paid directly by clients, but are employed by solicitors. Judges are usually chosen from the most senior barristers, and once appointed they cannot continue to practice as barristers. Solicitors do much of the initial preparation for cases which they then hand to barristers, as well as handling legal work which does not come before a court, such as drawing up wills, and dealing with litigation which is settled out of court. Solicitors also have a right of audience in lower courts, but in higher courts, such as the Court of Appeal, they must have a barrister argue their client’s case. In general, it can be said that a barrister spends most of his time either in a courtroom or preparing his arguments for the court & a solicitor spends most of his time in an office giving advice to clients, making investigations and preparing documents.
II. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:
Ø официально правомочный;
Ø профессиональный опыт;
Ø прокурор;
Ø судья;
Ø барристер, адвокат высшего ранга;
Ø солиситор, поверенный;
Ø юрист, адвокат;
Ø право на участие в слушании дела;
Ø составление завещания;
Ø тяжба, гражданский судебный спор;
Ø зал судебного заседания;
Ø проведение расследования и подготовка документов.
III. Дайте письменно ответы на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста:
1. What does the word lawyer describe?
2. What is the choice of legal professions in Japan?
3. What is the choice of legal professions in England?
4. What do barristers specialize in?
5. Who are barristers employed by?
6. Who are judges usually chosen from?
7. What do solicitors do?
8. Do solicitors have the right of audience?
IV. Слово «legal» имеет следующие значения в русском языке:
Ø юридический;
Ø правовой;
Ø судебный;
Ø законный, дозволенный законом;
Ø легальный, правомерный.
Совместите следующие английские выражения с их русскими эквивалентами:
1. legal activities
2. legal address
3. legal advice
4. legal document
5. legal history
6. legal rights
7. legal status
8. legal expert
9. legal age
10. legal language
a) совершеннолетие
b) правомерная, законная деятельность
c) история права
d) юридическая терминология
e) консультация юриста
f) юридический адрес
g) юрисконсульт
h) правовой документ
i) законные права
j) правовой статус
V. Слово «law» имеет несколько производных, которые Вы найдете в приводимом ниже перечне. Проверьте значение слов по словарю и используйте их в приведенных далее предложениях:
law, lawful, lawfully, lawless, lawlessness, lawyer.
1. We cannot tolerate such … behaviour.
2. Many doctors want to see … banning all tobacco advertisements.
3. The widespread atmosphere of … has caused chaos and insecurity.
4. Judge Keenan concluded that the surveillance (служака, надзор) had been ….
5. Such a policy could not … be adopted.
6. Jake Coker. … for a number of those detained, said yesterday that she would apply for habeas corpus.
VI. Письменно передайте краткое содержание текста на русском языке (5-7 предложений):
VII. Перепишите следующие предложения, выполнив преобразования действительного залога в страдательный:
Модель: The jury returns a verdict. A verdict is returned by the jury.
1. Mr. Brown will deliver a lecture on criminology next Monday.
2. The law guarantees the right to defence.
3. A private detective conducted investigations.
4. A very experienced solicitor will deal with this litigation.
5. A barrister has already prepared arguments for the court.
6. Who prepared documents for the court?
7. Solicitors usually employ barristers.
8. The jury had returned a verdict by 6 o’clock yesterday.
VIII. Преобразуйте предложения из страдательного залога в действительный:
1. Barristers are not paid directly by clients.
2. Wills are drawn up by solicitors.
3. Finally a verdict will be returned by the jury.
4. A witness for the prosecution was replaced by a witness for the defence.
5. Lay magistrates are elected by the people.
6. A private investigation has been conducted by the solicitor.
7. The documents had been prepared by the judge by 6 o’clock yesterday.
8. A verdict has already been returned by the jury.
IX. Откройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видовременной форме:
1. A number of important documents (to sign) already.
2. When the felon (to commit) the crime he knew it was unlawful.
3. When all the evidence (to give) counsels for both sides made speeches.
4. The convicted person just (to take) to prison.
5. Don’t come in! The court (to sit).
6. People (not to realize) the importance of this problem a few years ago.
7. New aspects of privatization (to discuss) at the next seminar.
8. The Bill just (to pass) by Parliament.
9. Mr. Brown (to appoint) the judge lately.
10. The elections (to conduct) next year.
X. Перепишите следующие предложения в косвенной речи, обращая внимание на правильность согласования времен:
1. Nell: “You didn’t tell anything about lawyers.” (said)
2. Steve: “I can give you all the necessary information.” (said)
3. Steve: “There are two classes of lawyers — Barristers and Solicitors.” (said)
4. Pete: “What is the difference between them?” (asked)
5. Steve: “Solicitors are lawyers who take legal business for ordinary people.” (said)
6. Steve: “It’s the barrister who conducts the case in the higher courts.” (said)
7. Nell: “Does a barrister have any educational standard?” (asked)
8. Pete: “I have learnt about a legal corporation when I was in London.” (said)
9. Steve: “But probably you don’t know that barristers are either “juniors” or “seniors”. (said)
10. Nell: “What are the duties of the jurors?” (asked)
XI. Перепишите текст, заполнив пропуски предлогами, указанными ниже:
with, for, by, in, of.
In most countries, once a lawyer is fully qualified he receives a certificate proving his right to sell his services. There are also insurance provisions so that if a lawyer is ever successfully sued … a client … professional incompetence there will be funds available to enable him to pay damages — which may be extremely large … the case … lawyers dealing … property transactions. Even if a lawyer is ever competent, he must take care not to break the many rules … procedure and ethics set … the body which regulates his profession. … England, the body regulating the conduct … solicitors is the Law Society. Among other things, it sets rules … lawyers accounting procedures and investigates complaints against lawyers … their clients. There is also a Solicitor’s Disciplinary Tribunal … the power to suspend or even disqualify. Since its members are themselves solicitors some people fear then that it may not be completely impartial. But members … the public do, of course, have the right to sue their solicitor, for example … an action … negligence.
