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Participle I (active and passive voice) He is solving a problem. ( ).   The problem is being solved. ( ) Contininous The engineer solving this problem work hard. (, , ).   The problem being solved was difficult. ( ) (When, while) solving this problem he read many books. ( , ).   While being solved, the problem offered some unexpected aspects. ( , ).
Participle II (passive voice) The problem is solved. ( ) The problem solved turned out to be fundamental. ( ). If solved, the problem will offer numerous consequences. ( , )
Perfect Participle (active and passive voice) - - Having solved the problem he left the classroom. ( , ).   Having been solved, the problem offered numerous consequences. ( , , .

:

- ( Participle I),

- ( Participle II),

- .

1. Participle I , .. . , : to see, to hear, to watch, to observe, to feel, to notice .

I heard him coming up the stairs slowly. , () .

I heard her shouting. , () .

, , , , . , .

We saw him crossing the street. , () .

We saw him cross the street. , () .

2. Participle II Participle II. . :

a. t see, to hear, to feel, to watch .

I saw the cases opened. , .

I heard his name mentioned. , .

b. , .

wants the work done at once. , .

c. t have. to have , , , - .

I have my shoes mended. ( ).

had his hair cut yesterday. ( ).

3. , () , , .

(). . :

- ;

- , , , , , , ;

- , .

The weather being fine, we went for a walk. , .

I painted the walls of my room, my friend helping me. , .

His speech being very interesting, everybody listened attentively. , .

2.9.

, . , . , - .

:

- Mr. William sent the boy with a message to their neighbour who lived next door.

- The boy sent Mr. William with a message to their neighbour who lived next door.

, : .

- (, ) .

- To most people a material is a mixture of properties and substance.

- To scientists, materials are characterised by their microscopic structure.

, , , , , .

‑ , . , , to be (am / is / are...). , ( ) . , , :

1. ( ): Are you coming tomorrow?

2. there is / are: There is a new book on the table.

3. , here, ( , ): Here is your pen! Here comes my brother. . : Here he comes! !

4. , so, either, neither. , , . :
So do I. (). Neither do I. ().

I can read French. So can I. -. . She didnt see him yesterday. Neither did I. . .

5. , : never , hardly , seldom , neither, nor .:
Never did he come in time. .

6. , , : I am glad to see you, said the old man. , .

. , .

He owes my brother ten pounds. I bought her a car.

. ( to for). I owe ten pounds to the brother of a friend of mine.

, : bring, take, offer, read, show, lend, write, refuse, give, tell, pass, send.

, . Give it to me. Show it to her. Buy it for me.

: say, explain, describe, report, introduce, suggest , . He said Hello to me. He said me Hello.

2.10.

- , .

It is (was)... who (which, that, when)...

, . . .

It was he who came the first. (: came the first.) .

It was in the garden that we met. (: We met in the garden.) .

It is the knowledge that makes us strong. .

do (does, did) . , -, . , .

does love you! - !

, . . , .

Right you are! , !

III .

Had he come here, we should not have known what to do. (I he had come, we should not have known what to do.) , .

Could I help you, I'd do this for you. (If I could help you) , .

Were he to realize the danger, he was in, he would not proceed with this plan. (If he realized...) , , .

never, nowhere, not since, not until, never again, rarely.

Never did he tell the truth! !

Nowhere will you come across a more hospitable nation. .

Rarely do you meet a girl of such beauty. .

hardly... when, no sooner... than, little.

Hardly had the two strangers arrived when the majority of the guests departed. He , .

Little did anyone realize the seriousness of the situation. .

No sooner had we sat down to dinner than there came an explosion from the kitchen. () , .

only no.

Only when I myself became a parent did I realize the value of my parents' advice. , .

Only then did she tell the truth. .

At no time did I intend to deceive you. .

, , not until (it is not until.. that). , , .

It was not until 9 o'clock that he returned. 9 .

It was not until they arrived that we learned the truth. , .

. , , .

1. You should not smoke in this area under no circumstances.
Under no circumstances should you smoke in this area.

2. The company has never had such a successful year.
Never has the company had such a successful year.





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