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FAQ

Discussing a scientific publication

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(The) Present ()
  article book essay paper   is about is concerned with deals with is devoted to     ()  
The title (heading) of the book is ( )
The book consists of (10) chapters (sections, parts, articles). 10 (, , ).
The book is addressed to scientific workers (professional scientists, postgraduates), those working in the field of , those studying the problems of ( , ), , , ,
The book provides the reader with some data on (some material on, some information on) , a summary of , some details on , a bibliography, a list (set) of references, key references). ( , ) , , , , ).
The book begins with a discussion of (chapter on, introduction to, introductory discussion of) ( , , )
The main emphasis in this book will be on
The paper presents (a comparative analysis of ). ( ).
The problem raised (studied, considered, discussed) here is , (, , )
The present book is aimed at The present book aims at
It is the purpose of this book (survey) to explain the principles of this viewpoint
There is a vast literature on
On this question there is an enormous literature. .
Almost all observers emphasize that
Some authors define it as , other view it as ,
Scholars give us more definite information on
The paper abounds in illustrative material, examples. , .
It has been established by recent studies that ,
A great advance in is indicated by
Recent works have a direct bearing on the matter under discussion. .
It is necessary to give a short review of
The author has succeeded in showing (providing, presenting) the results of (, ) .
The author failed to show (to present, to direct our attention to) (, )
A careful examination of proves that ,
It is clear (evident) that ,
For confirmation of we will turn to -
In the light of these data, the discovery of confirms the ,
This is proved by the fact
We have no clear proof of
It must be admitted that ,
There is some evidence to suggest that ,
It seems essential to emphasize that ,
It should be noted that
A very important point to be made is
It should be added that ,
As we have said
As has been mentioned earlier
It is generally accepted that ,
It has often been claimed at present
It is known that ,
It is usually regarded as
It is common place to say that ,
From this point of view it must be regarded as
A new theory of was elaborated (formulated, worked out, created) by ()
There is a theory based on ,
This is a scientifically valid theory
In the light of the theory it is possible
The book ends with a discussion of
The book is profusely (poorly) illustrated with diagrams (tables, photographs, sketches). () (, , ).
         

Appendix 2. Grammar Notes

2.1.

(Tenses in the Active Voice)

12 , :

- simple indefinite ( );

- continuous progressive ( );

- perfect ( );

- perfect continuous perfect progressive ( ).

. .

 
Indefinite (, ) Present I,we,you, they he, she, it ask asks usually, sometimes, every day, often, seldom
Past +ed II . .. asked wrote yesterday last year 3 years ago
Future I, we will ask   tomorrow next year in 3 years
Continuous Present am is are asking now, at present
Past was were asking yesterday from 5 till 6
Future will be asking tomorrow from 5 till 6
Perfect , , Present have has asked just, ever, never, yet, already, today, this year for, since
Past had asked by 3 o'clock yesterday
Future will have asked by 3 o'clock tomorrow
Perfect continuous , Present   have been has been   asking for, since
Past had been asking for, since  
Future will have been asking for

 

Simple

  Past Present Future
+ I You
asked
We

They

He

She

 I
ask
You

We

They

asks
He

She

 I You
will ask
We

They

He

She
- I You
didnt ask
We

They

He

I you we they he she
She

 I
dont ask
You

We

They

doesnt ask
He

I you we they he she
She

 I You
will not ask
We

They

He

I you we they he she
She
Did


?
Do
Does
ask

Will
ask

ask

 

Simple Indefinite (, , ) .

I go to school every day. .

Last year he visited his sister every week. .

We'll go to the cinema tomorrow. .

, , - , Continuous ( Progressive)Tenses. , , , .

I am reading (now). ().

, , , Continuous .

:

to want

to like

to love

to wish

to see

to hear

to feel

to notice

to know

to understand

to remember

to forget

to seem

to be .

Perfect (Present Perfect), (Past Perfect), (Future Perfect), .

: ever -, never , already , yet , just , lately ( ), , recently ( ), up to now , once , -, many times . already , .

Have you translated the article already? ?

, , Present Perfect .

, , , for (for a long time , , for years , for ages ), since , since morning , since 9 oclock 9 ), since , , Present Perfect, .

I have lived in this city for 5 years. () 5 ( ).

Past Perfect , - . by, ( Past Simple).

When I arrived to the party, Tom had already gone home. ( ) , .

Future Perfect , - .

Well have finished the work by 2014. .

Perfect Continuous Tenses ( ) , , , , .

I have been studying English for five years. 5 ( ).

How long had you been waiting when the bus finally came? , , , ?

Well have been studying English for 5 years by next year. 5 .

, Continuous Perfect Continuous Perfect Tense.

They have known each other for a long time. .

be was, were been
beat beat beaten ,
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown ,
break broke broken , ,
bring brought brought
build built built ,
buy bought bought ,
catch caught caught , ,
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost   cost cost ,
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt ,
dig dug dug ,
do did done
draw drew drawn ,
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten (-)
forgive forgave forgiven
get got got ,
give gave given ,
go went gone ,
grow grew grown ,
hang hung hung ,
have had had ,
hear heard heard ,
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led ,
leave left left
lend lent lent ,
let let let ,
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met ,
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung ,
rise rose risen ,
run ran run ,
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shine shone shone ,
show showed shown, showed
shut shut shut
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat ,
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
stick stuck stuck
strike struck struck, stricken ,
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum ,
take took taken ,
tell told told
think thought thought ,
throw threw thrown ,
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn ()
win won won
write wrote written

 

2.2.

, , : , , , . . , , .

, () .

Present Past Future
can to be able (to)   , ,   can am / is / are able (to)   could was / were able (to)   - shall / will be able (to)
  may to be allowed (to) ,   may am / is / are allowed (to)   might was / were allowed (to)   - shall / will be allowed (to)
must must - -
ought (to) , ought (to) - -
to have (to) , have / has (to) had (to) shall / will have (to)
to be (to) ( ) am / is /are (to) was / were (to) -
should , should - -
would , ; - would -
need need - -

 

 

Can The company can control budgets of workers ( )   They cant repair it ( )   Can you help me? ( ?)
Could Could you spell this word again? ( ?)   I think they could have another way of solving this problem ( , )   She left her previous job so she could work for us ( , )
May May I take another cup of tea? ( ?)   Our country may become a major economic power (
Might Shop might give us a 20% discount ( 20%- )
Must We must do it now ( )   Servers must not interrupt its work if its not necessary ( )
Ought to We ought to hire a professional economist ( )
Should They should solve this problem at once ( )   I think you should check all sequence again ( , )   Quality of playing should improve next month( )
Would Would you mind if I change this sequence ( , )   Would you bring the salt please? ( , )   Would five oclock suit you? ( ?)   Would you like to play a basketball this week? ( ?)

 

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