.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


[cccxliv].




  , , , .
    99,5
    237,7
    357,6
    120,2
    155,3
    489,4
    663,8
    887,5

: . .1996. - .106; . 1998. - 6. - .2.

 

, , , .

, -. , , ? ? ? ? , 1995 . ( ) 7%, 1996 . - 4%, 1997 . - - 2%.[cccxlv] , .

, , . .. :

" , , , , , , . , , , , . , ...

, , , . - " ", , ."[cccxlvi]

. , . , , , , .

. , . - . : "" . - -, [cccxlvii].

, XIX , , . , , .

, , . , . . , , - , - , , , .


 

 

 

 

.

.

. .

.

- .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

: .

Ӳ .

.

.

.


[1] 1948 ., , 1991 . .

* 1- .

* , 1793 .

* , .

* "" , , 1918 . - " " . 1920 . 500 . .: . - .,1933. - .32; : . - .,1987. - .122.

* , 500 . 1,78 % 1790 . , , . (.: .. . .,1989. - .391). , I "" 1 200 4,2% 1801 . ( .. . XVI-XX . - .,1994. - . 344.)

* . " ".


[i] .: .. ? - .,1991. - .423.

[ii] .. . - .33. - .100-114.

[iii] . ? //. - 1989. - 17. - C.98.

[iv] .. : 1930- 1950- //: . .,2005. .43,47, 66.

[v] ., . . - .1., .3.

[vi] //. - 1995. - 3. - .26

[vii] .. . - .,1991. - .221.

[viii] . - .180.

[ix] " " . - .,1992. - .19.

[x] ., . . 2- . - .19. - .222-223.

[xi] .. . - .205.

[xii] .. //. - 1993. - 1. - .59; .. . .,2005. .84.

[xiii] .. , //. - 1992. - 2. - .38; .. : //. 1995. - 2. - .36.

[xiv] .. . . - .,1991. - .592. . . .: ... . 1917-1990. 2- . .,2005. 260 . , , - : .

[xv] Times.-1918.-27 Nov. /. : .., .. . - .,1989. - .76.

[xvi] .. //. - 1997. - 2. - .31-32.

[xvii] //. - 1994. - 2. - .102.

[xviii] www.internationalism.org/russian; . : / . .,2004. .14-16.

[xix] .. : // . - 1993. - 1. - .158.

[xx] .1989.. . - .,1990. - .38-39.

[xxi] . // . - 1996. - 3/4.- .128.

[xxii] .. . - .204.

[xxiii] .- .100.

[xxiv] , . - ., 1983. - .2.- .59.

[xxv] . - .483-484.

[xxvi] .. // : . - .,1980. - .4. - .229-230.

[xxvii] . : ?// . - 1996. - 3/4. - .63.

[xxviii] . - .68.

[xxix] . - .69-70.

[xxx] . , "" (1994,N 2).- ,1994.( ) .3. "" .

[xxxi] .. (, , )// . - 1990. - 3. - .116-117; 1989. . . - .,1990. - .6,48.

[xxxii] . . . - .68-69.

[xxxiii] . // . - .23. - .186.

[xxxiv] .: .. - . - .,1990. - .178-187.

[xxxv] .. // . - 1992. - 4/5. - .57-72.

[xxxvi] .. . - .3. - .184.

[xxxvii] . - .185,310, 314.

[xxxviii] .. . - .,1982. - .59, 96; . . - .,1981. - .162 209.

[xxxix] .. . - .,1984. - .126.

[xl] .. . - .,1991. - .16.

[xli] .. . . - .108.

[xlii] .. . - .129.

[xliii] .. "" XIX- XX . // . - 1971. - .1. - .191-205.

[xliv] .. : //. - 1993. - 1. - .55-56.

[xlv] . . .24. //. - .23. - .761.

[xlvi] .. . - .,1966. - .141, 159; . . - .2. . . - .,1988. - .479-493; .. III . .. . ... . . . - ,1990. - .45.

[xlvii] .. . - .,1990. - .22,11.

[xlviii] . ( ). - .,1989. - .375,373.

[xlix] .. . - .36.

[l] .. XI XII . - .,1974. - .230.

[li] . ? //. - 1989. - 7. - .16 -20; .. //. - 1979. - 5. - .71.

[lii] .. - // . - .,1989. - .1. - .317,329.

[liii] .. // . - .,1968. - .331-336.

[liv] . - .1. - .,1977. - .136; .. . . - .235.

[lv] .. //. - 1992. - 10. - .46-47. . : .. . - .,1983. - .78 .

[lvi] .. . - .203.

[lvii] .: .. - (1927-1949). - .,1977. - .259 : - - //. - 1979. - 5.

[lviii] .. // . - .,1972. - .1. - .346-348.

[lix] . . .24 // . - .23. - .761.

[lx] . - .767.

[lxi] .: .. .-. . . - .,1991.- .229,181.

[lxii] . - .183.

[lxiii] .. . - .,1991. - .225-226; . - .,1961. - .155.

[lxiv] .. . . - .346; . - .199.

[lxv] . . - .,1961. - .71-91; (1640-1917). - .,1958. - .241-242.

[lxvi] . . ( ). - .,1959. - .277.

[lxvii] .. . . - .259-267.

[lxviii] . . - .,1973. - .519; .. . - .,1992. - .57; . . - .,1990. - .77-78.

[lxix] .: .. (). - .,1985. - .79-80. : Hussain M. La lutte des klasses dans l'Egypte nasserienne. - Paris,1975.

[lxx] .. .. .126. [37] . . //. - .23. - .761.

[lxxi] . . //. - .23. - .761.

[lxxii] .: .. . - ,1992. - .3

[lxxiii] //. - 1994. - 2. - .98.

[lxxiv] .. // . - 1993. - 2. .159.

[lxxv] .. , : //. - .13.. - 1995. - 2. - .42.

[lxxvi] .. . - .16. - .201. . : .. ( XIX- XX .). - .,1969. - .365 .

[lxxvii] .. . .,1988. .39.

[lxxviii] .. . - .,1960.- .81.

[lxxix] .. . - .,1969. - .71.

[lxxx] .. // . - 1991. - 4. - . 114; .. . - .,1991. - .152.

[lxxxi] . 1913 . - . .,1995. .305.

[lxxxii] .. 1917 . - .,1970. - .2.

[lxxxiii] .. . - .155.- .43.

[lxxxiv] .. . . - .9; .. //. - 1964. - 9. - .85-90. 1971 , .. , " ". .

[lxxxv] .. . .2-. - .,1914. - .38.

[lxxxvi] .. . XIX .-1914 . - .,1992. - .33.

[lxxxvii] .. . - .,1968. - .21.

[lxxxviii] .. . - .31. - .133.

[lxxxix] .. . . . . . - .,1912. - .67.

[xc] .. ... - .92-94; .. ... - .118.

[xci] .. . - .,1954. - .111.

[xcii] .. //..9. . - 1964. - 1. - .77.

[xciii] .. . - .,1990. - .31.

[xciv] .. . - .10.

[xcv] ., . : ( - ) //. - 1991. - 1. - C. 70.

[xcvi] .: .. . - .84.

[xcvii] .. . - .23. - .21.

[xcviii] .., .. . - .,1961. - .94.

[xcix] .. . XX . // . - 1966. - 3. - .51-56.

[c] .. ...- .39.

[ci] .. . - .39; .. ... - .55-65.

[cii] - . .. . .: . - .48. - .12-13.

[ciii] .. - . XX . . 50--.60- . - .,1990. - .250.

[civ] .. ... - .42.

[cv] . - .41-42; .. . - .135. .9.

[cvi] .. . - .87. .34.

[cvii] .. .1789 - 1799. - .,1989. - .24.

[cviii] .. . - .27-31.

[cix] .. . - .46.

[cx] 1914 . - .,1914. - .818.

[cxi] .. // . - .,1966. - .153.

[cxii] .. // . 1916. - 3. .148-149; . . .,1930. - .108..55. . .: : . . .,1994. - .399.

[cxiii] .. : , , //. - 1993. - 1. - .103 - 104..3.

[cxiv] . - .104; .. ... - .37.

[cxv] - . - .,1959. - .1. - .188.

[cxvi] .. // . - .,1960. - .33; .. ... - .39.

[cxvii] " ". - ,1914. - .76.

[cxviii] .. ? // . - 1913. - 51-52. - .5.

[cxix] .. . - .44.

[cxx] .. . 1912-1914 . - .,1961. - .103.

[cxxi] .. . .26. .318.

[cxxii] .. . - .23. - .21.

[cxxiii] . - .17. - .44.

[cxxiv] . - .46.

[cxxv] .: .. . . - .,1969. - 160-207; . . - .1972. - .42-70.

[cxxvi] ., . . 2- . - .4. - .299.

[cxxvii] .. . - .19. - .246; .53. - .206.

[cxxviii] . - .17. - .47.

[cxxix] : .. . - .,1966.- .150-151. : Guerin D. La lutte des classes sous la premiere republique. Bourgeois et "bras nus" (1793-1797). - Paris.1946. - Vol.1-2.

[cxxx] .. . - .,1989. .310,352.

[cxxxi] . - .344, 352.

[cxxxii] . - .1. - .,1957. - .108.

[cxxxiii] ., , .: . - .,1964. -.112-113.

[cxxxiv] . . - .,1987. - .146.

[cxxxv] . - .300,320; .. ( 1917 .) // . 1963. - 3. .133-137.

[cxxxvi] . . - .207-209.

[cxxxvii] . . . 1914 - 1991. .,2004. .452.

[cxxxviii] . . ,1991. - .1. - .1-8.

[cxxxix] .. . - .44. - .144-145.

[cxl] . - .,1984. - .1. - .369.

[cxli] ., . . 2- . - .7. - .363.

[cxlii] .. . - .45. - .290.

[cxliii] .. // . - .,1973. - .53-58.

[cxliv] . //. - 1992. - 2/3. - .47.

[cxlv] . //. - 1990. - 2. - .27-29

[cxlvi] . - .30.

[cxlvii] .. //. 1967. - 12. - .135-136.

[cxlviii] .: //. - 1990. - 9. - .66.

[cxlix] . . - .387.

[cl] ., . . - .33. - .45; . : .37. - .127.

[cli] ., . . - .7. - .422. ( . , , , : ., , . .: .. , .. . - .,1997. .47-60.).

[clii] .. . - .38. - .143.

[cliii] . - .44. - .151

[cliv] .: . //. - 1993. - 7. - .146-147.; . , , . - .,1927. - . 67 68.

[clv] . . .1. .1. .10.

[clvi] Le bolchevisme et le jacobisme. - Paris,1920. P.24. : .. . .,1991. - .77.

[clvii] . . .131-132.

[clviii] //. - 2. - 1994.- .101.

[clix] .. //. - .39. - .15. . . - .9. - .9.

[clx] .., .. : , //. - 1993. - 4. - . 26-27.

[clxi] . // . - 1992. - 2/3. - .47-60.

[clxii] .. . - .,1992. - .227.

[clxiii] . . - .,1968. - .137.

[clxiv] .: . - 1992. - 2. - .57.

[clxv] .. . - .,1991. - .276.

[clxvi] .. " 25 ". //. - 1991. - 2. - .177-178.

[clxvii] . . - .,1990. - .158.

[clxviii] .. . . - .,1979.- .111-112.

[clxix] .. . - .,1991. - .207.

[clxx] . - .117.

[clxxi] .. . - .162.

[clxxii] . , , . . . : , , , , . - . : , , , . , . : . . . . //. - 1993. - 3. - .13.

[clxxiii] .. XI-XII . - .,1974. - .221.

[clxxiv] .: , . - .,1974. - .1. - .22.

[clxxv] .. - 1920-30- . //VII .(,1991) . . - .,1991. - .1. - .7.

[clxxvi] .. : . . - .,1994. - .75.

[clxxvii] . - 2001. - 10. - .126.

[clxxviii] .: . ? // ( . ). - 1994. - 26.

[clxxix] Black C. The Dinamics of Modernisation: A Study in Comparative History. - N.Y.,1966. - P.146. .: .. . - .,1969. - .218.

[clxxx] . - .,1961. - .102-103.

[clxxxi] .. //. - 1988. - 9. - .130.

[clxxxii] //. - 2. 1994. - .100.

[clxxxiii] .: . . .24.

[clxxxiv] . ..24..3// . . - .,1986. - .2.- .126.

[clxxxv] . .127-129.

[clxxxvi] .. . 1640-1815. - .,1958. - .188, 320.

[clxxxvii] .. //.. - .2. - .,1957. - .559.

[clxxxviii] .. . 1933-1939. - .,1964. - .131-134.

[clxxxix] . //. 1- . - .55. - .,1947. - .78-79.

[cxc] .. : . - .,1992. - .4.

[cxci] . //. - .4. - .135.

[cxcii] .. . . - .246-248.

[cxciii] . . - .,1901. - .194. XVII . - XIX . " " . "". .

[cxciv] / . . . . . - .,1955. - .14.

[cxcv] . . .,2000. .144. . : .. . .,2005. .170.

[cxcvi] .. // . - 1989. - 2. - .8-16.

[cxcvii] . . 10 ./ . . , .. . .,1998. .128. : . .1. .16. .9. .87. : .., .. . 70- // . 2004. - 5. .110. : . . 1927-1939. 5 . .3. 1930 1933. .,2001. .604.

[cxcviii] 1932-1933 . , . .,1990. - .341-342.

[cxcix] . .443.

[cc] 1932-1933,1946-1947. ³ . . ³, 1998. .49.

[cci] .. ֳ . .,1991. - .308-309,324,347.

[ccii] .. (1917- 1941). ,1976. - .222-224.

[cciii] .. . - .13.- .216-217.

[cciv] .. .. - .9..

[ccv] .. 1933 .: ? ( ) // . - 1991. - 5. - .20-22.

[ccvi] 1937 . . - .,1991. - .18, 83.

[ccvii] .. // . - 1991. - 5.- .40.

[ccviii] .., .. 30- //Ӳ. - 1989. - 8. - 30.

[ccix] . . - .,1969. - .102; .. . - -,1989.- .124.

[ccx] . . .:,1994. - ..344, 618.

[ccxi] .. 1932-1933 . // . - .,1990. - .24. - .25; .., . 1933 ..// Ӳ. - 1991. - 2. - .9.

[ccxii] .. . . - .124.

[ccxiii] .. // . - 1989. - 5. - .31; 1929-1933 . . - .,1992. - .624,637.

[ccxiv] .. . .- .26..11.

[ccxv] , , / . .. . .,1958. - .163-164; .. . .,1970. .75-77.

[ccxvi] .. 1921-: . .,1975. - .101; .. 1921-1923 .//Ӳ. 1989. - 10. -.77.

[ccxvii] . //. 1- . .,1930. .460; .. : . ., 1986. .97; .. . .77.

[ccxviii] .. , , , , (- ) // . - 1991. - 5. - .152 153.

[ccxix] .. : 1930- 1950- . //: . .,2005. .25.

[ccxx] . . . .,1968. .22,124; .. .. .153-155.

[ccxxi] . 1917 1945. - .,1991.- .263.

[ccxxii] .. //. - 1993. - 10. .20.

[ccxxiii] ., . . - .21. - .171-172.

[ccxxiv] .. . - .33. - .7-10.

[ccxxv] .. : // . - 1993. - 1. - .52-55.

[ccxxvi] : . - .,1984.- .241. : Anderson P. Lineages of the Absolutist State. - London,1974.

[ccxxvii] .. . - .,1991. - .230.

[ccxxviii] .. , //. - 1992. - 3. - .39.

[ccxxix] .. " " " " //. - 1969. - 6. - .38.

[ccxxx] . - 1929. - 10 . ( " ").

[ccxxxi] .. . - .33. - .5.

[ccxxxii] . . . - .196,204.

[ccxxxiii] .. I //. - .4. - .,1958. - .504-507.

[ccxxxiv] .: . . - .,1991. - .3. - .448-449.

[ccxxxv] .. . - .252.

[ccxxxvi] .. . . // . - 1991. - 2. - .142-148.

[ccxxxvii] .. .. 1940 . //. - 1992. - 6/7. - .47-48.

[ccxxxviii] .. //. - .13. - .,1951. - .38.

[ccxxxix] .. . - .,1991. - .225-226.

[ccxl] . .: . -.1500-2010 //. - 1996. - 5. - .37.

[ccxli] .. // . 1971. - 4. .231.

[ccxlii] .. . - ,1991. - .174,188-189.

[ccxliii] .. //. 1997. - 1. - .140.

[ccxliv] .. . - .188.

[ccxlv] . 1964 . - : ,1970. - .1. - .26-29.

[ccxlvi] .. //. - 1990. - 3. - .116-117.

[ccxlvii] .., .. " "//.- 1986. - 11. - .106. " ". 1995 ., , , - , 37 . "" . .: . : //. - 1996. - 1. - .36. : 2002 . 79,35 ., 22,6 . . . . // . 2002. 29 .

[ccxlviii] .., .. : , //. - 1993. - 4. - . 29

[ccxlix] .: .. : 89-. - .,1990. - .27-28.

[ccl] .. . - .197.

[ccli] . 1989. . . - .,1990. - .141.

[cclii] . - .86-88; . //. - 1990. - 1. - .5.

[ccliii] .. . - .192-193; . - 1989. - .109.

[ccliv] ., . . (-) //. - 1991. - 1. - .76.

[cclv] . : , , //. - 1995. - 2. - .74.

[cclvi] . : //. - 1996. - 5. - .65; .. : //. - 1997. - 1. - .19.

[cclvii] (1946-1995). - .,1996. - .82; . - 1990. - 3. - .7.

[cclviii] . - .,1996. - .217; . - .,1990. - .50.

[cclix] . 1990. - .,1991. - .96,116; . 1989. - .30.

[cclx] .. : - . - .,1994. - .86.

[cclxi] . . //. - 1991. - 7. - C 13.

[cclxii] .. .. - .127-138.

[cclxiii] . - .155

[cclxiv] .. (1991-1995) //. - 1997. - 3. - .98.

[cclxv] .. .. - .148,150.

[cclxvi] . : ? // . 1996. - 3/4. - .74-75.

[cclxvii] . - .73; . - .,1996. - .116.

[cclxviii] . . . - .73. : "". 5.10.1994. ( , , ).

[cclxix] .. : 89-. , , . . - .,1990. - .8,174.

[cclxx] .: . ? //. - 1994. - 2. - .86-87.

[cclxxi] i. ( ). - 1996. - 26. - .1. ( "" 1996 .)

[cclxxii] .. . - .20,30,113; .. 1989 . // . - 1993. - 1. - .69; .. (1989 1991) //. 2004. - 4. .110.

[cclxxiii] . //. - .17. - .352-353.

[cclxxiv] .. . - .70.

[cclxxv] .. . - .76.

[cclxxvi] .. . - .69.

[cclxxvii] .. . - .194.

[cclxxviii] .. . - .195.

[cclxxix] . . . - .86.

[cclxxx] . - 1991. - 6 .

[cclxxxi] . XX . - .,1996. - .560.

[cclxxxii] 1989 . - .,1990. - .46.

[cclxxxiii] ., . . (-) //. - 1991. - 1. - .70.

[cclxxxiv] .. , : //. - .13.. - 1995. - 2.- C.49.

[cclxxxv] . //. - 1990. - 3. - .7.

[cclxxxvi] .. // . - 1991. - 3. - C.217.

[cclxxxvii] .. , -. .: Wallerstein I. 1983-1989. // . . .9. . - 1992. - 1. - .10-13.

[cclxxxviii] . XX . - .,1996. - .560.

[cclxxxix] 1989 . - .,1990. - .19.

[ccxc] -i .. i i // 1924 . - i.1927. - .XXII; . 1993. i i. - ..1994. - .197; i . 1995. - .,1996. .65.

[ccxci] .. ... - .37; . . . - .,1996. - .160-161.

[ccxcii] . : . . : Brzezinski Z. Out of Control. N.Y.1993 //. - 1997. - 5. - .156.

[ccxciii] .. . - .,1965. - .265-267.

[ccxciv] . - .,1996. - .82.

[ccxcv] ., . . 2- . - .25. .1. - .428.

[ccxcvi] . .1996. .84; . - 1998. - 1. - .25.

[ccxcvii] i . 1995. - .1996. .71.

[ccxcviii] 1989 . - .,1990. - .76,89.

[ccxcix] . - 1998. - 1. - .29.

[ccc] . - 1998. - 4. - .5.

[ccci] .. . - .3. - .170.

[cccii] .. //. - 1997. - 6. - .58.

[ccciii] . - .,1996. - .82.

[ccciv] . - 1998. - 7. - .1; i i. - 1997. - 5. - . 19.

[cccv] . - 1998. - 4. - .5.

[cccvi] . -. 2004. .15-16.

[cccvii] ] . . ., 1987. .497-498.

[cccviii] . 2004. - 34. .11.

[cccix] . 2002. .,2003. .408.

[cccx] . : //. 2005. 5. .5.

[cccxi] . - .,1996. - .86.

[cccxii] . - .84.

[cccxiii] . 2004. - 34. .11.

[cccxiv] .. //. . - .9- .,1987. .17-18.

[cccxv] . - 1998. - 6. - .2.

[cccxvi] .. . - .59.

[cccxvii] . 2003. 21 .

[cccxviii] . 2004. - 12. .158.

[cccxix] .. ? ?// . - 2002. - 2. - .33-34.

[cccxx] . 1998. - 1-2. - .4.

[cccxxi] . - 1998. - 7. - .4.

[cccxxii] .

[cccxxiii] i. - 1998. - 2 - .7

[cccxxiv] . - 1998. - 7. - .4.

[cccxxv] i. - 1998. - 4. - .7.

[cccxxvi] . - 1998. - 6. - .2; i . 1998. - 2. - .14.

[cccxxvii] .. . - .4. - .262-272.

[cccxxviii] . - 1998. - 8. - .30. . - 1998. - 3. - .22

[cccxxix] . - .,1996. - .145.

[cccxxx] . i i ii i //. - 1997. - 7. - .11,20.

[cccxxxi] . .1996. .107; i . - 1997. - 13. - .24.

[cccxxxii] . - 1998. - 10. - .9.

[cccxxxiii] i . 1995. - .1996. - .475; i. - 1998. - 3. - .15.

[cccxxxiv] . - 1997. - 19. - .18.

[cccxxxv] . - 1997. - 1. - .3.

[cccxxxvi] . - 1998. - 23. - .4; . - .,1996. - .214-218.

[cccxxxvii] . - .,1996.- .317; . - 1997.- 7. - .3-4.

[cccxxxviii] . - 1996. - 3. - .7.

[cccxxxix] . - 1998. - 8. - .2.

[cccxl] .: . . . 1-2.- .,1925; . . - .,1981. - .307-314.

[cccxli] .. - //. - 1997. - 2. - .29-31.

[cccxlii] .. (, , ). - .,1979. - .170. : The Registrar Generals Decennial Supplement for England and Wales.1970-1972. Occupational mortality. - L.1978.

[cccxliii] ] .. . - .,1973. - .26-27.

[cccxliv] , , (1998 .), . 1998 2002 . 200 . .: . //. 2004. - 2. .31-32. . 2004 . 2005 . , . .: 2005 . () // . 2005. 7. .53-60.

[cccxlv] . - 1997. - 5. - .130; . - 1998. - 4. - .6.

[cccxlvi] . . . - .4. - .292-296.

[cccxlvii] . - //. - 2. 1994. .27-54; .. . , 1998. 173.; . // ., . . ..,2002. .142-148; . ? // . ..,2002. .132-135 .





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