.25. . () , 64 / , .25. ( - ) .25, - ARQ.
ARQ, : BER=10-3-10-4, , , - , , 2 /.
.25 (SVC), (PVC) .
Frame Relay (FR). BER 10-7-10-10. .25 FR, 2 ( 45/52) /. FR , ISDN ( LAPD), .25. SVC, ITU-T (1988), - PVC, ANSI. - LAPF ( LAPD, 2 OSI).
, . - (, PAD) .25 FR (FRAD) FR. . FR, FR (FRF) - VoFR.
ATM. , ISDN, - ATM. ISDN. , , , , .
PDH: 45 140 / SDH, ATM : 2, 10, 34, 100 / 1, 10 /, ATM : Ethernet, FR, IP, PDH, SDH. , ATM (QoS), (NGN).
ATM , ISDN. - , ATM , , . : .164 , , . ATM, -, - , ATM :
|
|
- , ;
- SDH ( );
- ATM- WDM - , .
, , .3.3.
3.3.
56/64 / | ||||||
PDH | 1,5-140 / | 24-1920 | 1962-1972 | |||
X.2S | 56/64-2048 / | 1-32 | OSI: 1-3 | |||
FR | 2/34/45/52 / | 1-672 | OSI: 1-2/3 | |||
ISDN | 144/1980 / | 2-31 | OSI: 1-3 | |||
ATM | 0,002-10 / | 30-483840 | OSI: 1/2-2/3 | |||
SONET/SDH | 52 /-160 / | 630-7741440 | , | , : 1-3 | ||
WDM | 10/-6,4/ | (1-320)483840 |