dU = TdS - PdV
dH = TdS + VdP
dF = -SdT - PdV
dG = -SdT + VdP
, , (P V) (T S).
:
:
() . , .
:
P | V | ||
S | T | ||
U | H | F | G |
, .. , : S, T, P, V, .
T = f(P, G); T = f(V, F); S = f(P, H); S = f(U, V)
-
, .
:
= 1 S1 (2 S2) = ΔH + TΔS = - QP + TΔS
,
= - QP + TΔS = - QP + T
= - QP + T | - - |
= + T |
- , , . , .
, .. QP, , :
= + J | - - |
= + J |
J .
11
().
.
, , - T=Const:
G = G0 + RT lnP, G0 .
--, 150-200 . 40 . , , -- . :
PV = RT + aP + bP2 + cP3 + .., , b, c .
, .
|
|
, , / , .
G = G0 + RT lnf, lim (f/P) = 1 →0
, , .
(γ).
γ = = 0, γ = 1
f P f . :
) , , ;
) , . , , , t p. g p t , .
( ):