, . . . , () . ( ), " , " " , , , , .
. 1.1. |
r L S , i= 0 , i= i. 0 i L = - L (di/dt). ( ) . 1.1 :
(1.1)
(1.1) . , . .
i= i+ i (1.2)
, . ( ), . (1.1), , . .
ir + L di/dt = u (1.3)
i=const, di/dt=0, , i r = u i = u / r (1.4)
(1.4) . i . ( ) . . (1.1) u=0, ..
ir + L di/dt = 0 (1.5)
:
i = - αt (1.6)
; ( = 2,72); α .
(1.2) t= 0, i=0
1,
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A=u/ r (1.7)
(8.5) :
r +La =0
a = r/L (1.8)
(8.6) (8.8),
i= (- u/r) r/Lt
i= (- u/r) τ/ t (1.9)
τ L/r, .
(1.4) (1.9) , , . (1.2), (1.4) 1.9), (1.1)
(i=u/r (u/r) τ/t = u/r(1- τ/t) (1.12)
. 1.2.
. 1.2 , () , (1.4), (1.9) (1.12) (1.2). , , . t=0 , , . . i=0 () i. , . , , , , . , , L/ r. L>r , L < r .
(. . 1.1) u = (Umax / Z) sin (wt+α φ) (8.1) . , . () (1,4) , r =wt, . .
i = (Umax / Z ) sin (wt+ α φ) = I max sin (wt+α φ) (1.13)
:
I max =Umax / Z
Z = √2 + 2 , |
; , , t=0; φ - ( ) ; Im - .
t=0 , . ,
! i! t=0 =! i ! t=0 = - I max sin (α φ) (1.14)
, τ/t. :
i= - - I max sin (α φ) τ/t (1.15)
τ= L/r = /w - .
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i = i + i= I max [sin (wt+α φ) - sin (α φ) τ/t] (1.16)
(1.13) , , . , (1.15), , .
(1.13), (1.15) (1.16) , ( = 0), φ = - 900,. . ( x >r).
(1.17)
(1.18)
i = i + i = -I max cosωt + I max e-t/τ (1.19)
. 1.3 , (1.17) - (1.19). , I = 0 Imax,, (). i , , . i () 1.
. 1.3.
, . . wt= = /2 t = 1 /2f = 0,01 , , , , . (1.19) s π = -1 τ = 0,01
i = Im + Im e -0/01/ τ = Imax (1 + e -0/01/ τ) (1.20)
= (1 + e -0/01/ τ), : i = Imax
, 1 2 τ 0 ∞ (τ= 0 = 0; τ= ∞ r= 0). , .
>r , 2; r > , 1.
, . 1.4, i., . (1.1 -1.22).
.1.4 .
, ... . , , ... () () . x r x r .
1. .
2. R-L .
3. () ? ?
4. R-L .
5. () . , .
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6 ?
7. , ?