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6.7.2.4. ң ң Қ 16% құ. ң қғ ә үң () қң.
6.7.3. қ ұқ:
6.7.3.1. Қ-ң ұқққң ө ғ
ә қ ә?
6.7.3.2. Қң Қ құ қ ? ң қ қ?
6.7.3.3. -Қ, -Қ ә -Қ қ қ?
6.7.3.4. ղ ғ қ ?
Ү ү ө:
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| қ -қ ң құ, ң құ қ қ қ ң ( ққ ң) ғ. | , , ( ). | Molecular biology the branch of biology studying structure and functions of nucleic acids |
| ққ ұқ қ қ ә қ қ ө қ, . | , . | Nucleic acids - polinucleotides, carriers of genetic information taking part in realization of genetic information |
| ққ (Қ) ұқ қ қ , , , құғ 4 : , , , ө (-, -) қ қ . | () c, , , 4 : , , , , (-, -), . | Desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - structure,consisting oftwo antiparallel, complementary chains, including 4 nitrogenic bases; adenin, guanin, thymin, cytosin linked by hydrogen bonds(A-T, G-C), carrier of genetic information |
| ққ ұқ қ қң қ, құ ө : , , , ұ ққ. | () , , 4 : , , , ; . | Ribnucleic acids (RNA) structures, consisting of four single chains, including 4 nitrogenic bases: adenin, guanin, uracil, cytosin; taking part in the process of realization of genetic information |
| , қ ә ққң қғ ұ ққң . | , , . | Nucleotide a monomer of nucleic acids, consisting of four nitrogenic bases, sugar and phosphoric acid |
| () ә () | () () | Purine bases -adenine (A) and guanine (G) |
| () ә (). | - () (). | Pyrimidine bases - cytosine (C) and thymine (T). |
| - ң қ . | - | Nucleoside is -join a nitrogenous base with sugar |
| -Қ ғ ң ө ң ө ң, ң ө ң | - , | Chargaff rule -Chargaff's observation that in the base composition of DNA the quantity of adenine equaled the quantity of thymine and the quantity of guanine equaled the quantity of cytosine. |
| қ қ ә - ) қ (); ) Қ- (ң қ) ) Қ ә. | - -) (); ) ( ); ) . | Molecular genetic methods -a) polymerase chain reaction (PCR); b) DNA sequencing (determination of the nucleotide sequence); b) Blotting - DNA analysis methods. |
| -Қ - қ Қөiiғ iii | - - | mRNA transfers information from DNA to the protein synthesis site in cytoplasm |
| -Қ - ққң, iiiқi | - - , , | tRNA an adapter that provides specific recognition of codons in translation and transports amino acids |
| -Қ - ңқұқөii, ңҚ-қi | - - , | rRNA structural components of ribosomes that provide recognition and binding of ribosomes with mRNA |
| қ -Қ ң ң қ ң , ң ү. қ ң қ қ . | - , , () . | Complementary principle biosynthesis of daughter DNA chain is carried out according to complementary binding of adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine, where a newly synthesized strand is complementary to maternal strand. |
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2 - ә қ
