Two thousand years ago English did not exist. A thousand years ago it was a language used by less than two million people. Now it is the most influential language in the world, spoken by more than a billion people on the planet as their first, second or third language. English currently dominates science, business, the mass media and popular culture. For example, 80 per cent of e-mails on the Internet are in English. But where will English be at the end of the third millennium?
One view is that English is going to become even more important as a global lingua franca, dominating the worlds trade and media while most other languages will become localizes or just die out. At present, over half of the worlds 6,500 languages are in danger of extinction. Another view is that English is already breaking up, as Latin did, into several separate languages. There are already dictionaries of the New Englishes, such as Australian English, full of words that a British English speaker would not recognize.
Hopefully, neither of these things will happen. Although different varieties of English will continue to develop around the world, Standard English will survive for international communication. In addition, the frightening prospect of a culturally uniform world totally dominated by one language is impossible. Already, other languages are fighting back against the iron grip of English on the Net. Governments around the world are also starting to protect smaller languages and recognize the importance of cultural and linguistic diversity. English will probably stay in control for a long time, at least while the USA remains the top superpower, but it definitely wont become the only language in the world.
2. :
1) How long is the history of English?
2) What is the most influential language in the world?
3) What is the future English forecast?
4) How many people speak English as their first, second or third languages?
3. 䳺 to be: am, is are. :
1) His father a lawyer.
2) Where the Dnieper? It in Ukraine.
3) Where the children? They in the yard.
4) What colour the walls of your room?
5) How .my dinner? I very hungry!
4. . , 䳺 to have ():
1) Rita has got a comfortable room.
2) She has a bath every evening.
3) Mum! We have got a lot of coffee in this box.
4)Maxs Granny always has a cup of coffee for breakfast.
5) We never have quarrels.
5. 䳺. :
1) (do, is, does) it snow or rain in your town in winter?
2) My Granny (bakes, will bake, baked) her famous pies on Sundays.
3) The result of our test (was, were) not bad.
4) My dog (were, was) very little last year. It often (bark, barked, will bark) at cats and cars.
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5)I (will, shall) try to study better next semester.
6. :
1) .
2) ,
3) ³ ,
4)
5) , .
7.. :
1) Theres no doubt that that computers have our lives easier.
A) done
B) got
C)become
D) made
2) Youll be here tomorrow, ?
A) isnt it
B) wont you
C) will you
D) will you be
3) Our daughter is good foreign languages.
A) with
B) for
C) in
D) at
4) Could you give me , please?
A) a piece of advice
B) an advice
C) a advice
D) some advices
5) Do you mind ?
A) my smoking
B) me smoke
C) I smoke
D) to smoke
6) There isnt a cloud in the sky. Yesterday it wasnt cloudy .
A) too
B) neither
C) also
D) either
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1.. . 1- 5- :
Economy of New Zealand
New Zealand has about 71 mln sheep and about 7.5 mln cattle or about 25 times as many farm animals as people. No other country has so many farm animals in relation to its population. Sheep are so numerous that a distant hillside may resemble a field of cotton.
The economy of New Zealand has long depended on farming and foreign trade. Exports of butter, cheese, meat and wool still provide much of the nations income. But manufacturing has been increasing rapidly, and about twice as many New Zealanders now work on factories as on farms. Tourism has also become an important source of income.
New Zealands economy depends heavily on trade. The countries chief trading partners are Australia, Great Britain, Japan and the United States. Butter, cheese, dried milk products, lamb, and wool make up about half the value of New Zealands export. Exports of increasing importance include manufactured goods, fish products. The countries chief imports include iron and steel, machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum, scientific instruments and telecommunication equipment.
New Zealands greatest natural resource is its land. About 55 per cent of the land consists of crop land and pastureland, and about 25 per cent is covered with forests. They provide valuable timber as well as protection from land erosion. The remaining 20 per cent of the country is made up of lakes, rivers, and mountain areas.
The country has few minerals. The most important include coal, gold, iron ore, and natural gas. Water power provides about 75 per cent of the nations electricity. New Zealand provides enough meat and dairy products to feed millions of people in other countries as well as its own people, thanks to the countrys mild climate, modern machinery and scientific farming methods.
Milk is made in to butter, cheese, and dried milk, while lamb and beef are frozen for exports. Factories also process wool and weaver woolen carpets. Auckland, New Zealands most populous city is its largest manufacturing centre with 3350 factories employing nearly 120,000 workers. About a third of New Zealands manufacturing industries have their offices in Wellington, the countrys capital and its second largest city.
2. :
1) What has the economy of New Zealand long depend on?
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2) What does the economy of New Zealand depend now?
3) Where does New Zealand export its goods?
4) What is the capital of New Zealand?
3. 䳺 to be: am, is are. :
1) My cousins workers.
2) The Nile in Asia. It in Africa.
3) you our new teacher?
4) Sorry, I very late.
5) a water melon a fruit or a berry?
4. . , 䳺 to have ():
1) Those dogs have short tails and long ears.
2) We dont have English on Fridays.
3) Dan has got a new sport bicycle.
4) My grandmother doesnt have much time to go for a walk with my dog.
5) Who has got a spare pen?
5. 䳺. :
1) Yesterday Jim (asks, will ask, asked) me to repair his car.
2) Cyprus and Malta (were, is, are) famous tourist centers.
3) Oil (was, were, is) used for the production of petrol.
4) Goods in this shop (is, are, will be) not as expensive as in that one.
5) We (shall discuss, discussed, discuss) this terrific idea at our next meeting.
6. :
1) .
2) .
3) ?
4)
5) .
7.. :
1) Harrys room is (expensive) .. of all the rooms, but he can afford it.
A) most expensive
B) so expensive
C) expensivest
D) the most expensive
2) The man is least 70 years old.
A) in the
B) on the
C) in
D) at
3) We were rather surprised the price of the dress.
A) of
B) about
C) at
D) in
4) Id like two (dozen) eggs.
A) dozen
B) dozens
C) dozens of
D) dozen of
5) We need ..
A) an other chair
B) another chair
C) another chairs
D)one other chair
6) . first hand news.
A) These are
B) Those are
C) This is
D) They are
OUR UNIVERSITY
department, lecture, experiment, computing centre, qualified, periodicals, instrument, national economy, project, practice, sport-ground, popular, region, discuss, activity.
Lecture room, research laboratory, research work, research Institute, students project, students club, sport camp, sport team, construction site, and foot-ball field
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| the teaching staff | |
| the latest instruments | |
| free of charge | |
| to put into practice | |
| extensive researches | |
| experimental plants | |
| scientific library | |
| amateur art activities |
1957; 226; 16.000; 790; 536; 45; 321; 9; 7
Higher, mine, library, site, time
Plant, staff, dance, department, charge, part
Club, discuss, construction, such, study, number, among
Machine, shooting, specialist, automation, shop, national, attention
Charge, research, culture
General, engineering, project
