| to do | does |
arrive, begin, build, calculate, come, confuse, cross, develop, establish,find, finish, generate, give, grow, invent, know, make,manage, mine, multiply, operate, play, process, produce, reorganize, run, see, specify, watch, win, work.
, Present Simple. .
1) Usually I... to the Institute by bus (go).
2) We... not write letters very often (do).
3) It often... in autumn in St. Petersburg (rain).
4) My brother... a very good specialist (be).
5) Larry... to eat a lot (like).
6) Carl... a lot of friends in Russia (have).
7) -... he smoke? - No? he... not (do).
8) My mother... up very early every day (get).
9) My parents... newspapers regularly (read
, Present Continuous Tense. Present Continuous Tense.
| Where are you going to? Who is Mike looking at? | I m going to the Institute. He is looking at Nina |
1) Where are you staying?
2) What is your fellow-student doing on Tuesday afternoon?
3) Who is having lectures, seminars and classes between 14.35 and 5.20 p.m. next week?
4) When are the students planning to go back home?
5) What rule is everybody learning?
, Present Perfect Tense. Present Perfect Tense.
| Have you been to the Mining Institute today? Who has already done Exercise II? | Yes, I have. I ve been there for 7 hours Everybody has done it. |
1) Have you already had your dinner?
2) How many classes, seminars and lectures have you had today?
3) What interesting TV programs have you seen this week?
4) To what museums, cinemas, theatres or concert halls have you been this month?
5) Who has passed the exams with excellent marks in your group?
6) Where have you just come back from?
7) You have been late for the first lecture, havent you?
, Present Perfect.
| I have just got up. I have already cleaned my teeth. I havent had breakfast yet. Ive made my bed. |
. . .
Water needs and problem
The rise of civilization came with the ability to manage the floods and irrigation waters of the river basins of the Old World. Western industrial civilization, more than any preceding it, demands water. Industries engaged in processing raw materials require vast quantities of water for their functioning, and could not grow or be maintained without the ability to obtain these quantities from streams or underground water sources. Cities could not have reached their present size without drawing water from distant hills and mountains, the watersheds from which rainfall drains into the lakes and rivers. If our ability to manage water falls short, the entire framework of civilized life is threatened.
|
|
|
Water that reaches a city should be clean and pure. Water that leaves a city is often dangerously contaminated. The provision of adequate supplies can be difficult; the disposal of wastes is sometimes more difficult. These are generalizations which need qualification. In much of the heavily populated part of the world today the water that reaches a city is often contaminated and the water leaving it is even more contaminated. The more technologically advanced cities have installed elaborate water-purifying plants for removing the various pollutants from water and for rendering it reasonably safe for human consumption. In less advanced areas the people take their chances and pay the costs in health. However, few people, except those living high on the watersheds, or in unpopulated areas, have the privilege of drinking "new" water, fresh from the air or from the ground and uncommented by previous use. For most city dwellers the water used has been used before - it has gone through somebodys kidneys or somebodys industries before reaching the urban water supply.
