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1) a global imperative for environment
2) to offer the key to ever expanding material well-being.
3) to offer unlimited abundance
4) to fashion the appropriate tools
5) to give rise to adverse side effect
6) to trigger damage
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| Study at the Mining Institute (your friend). | Does your friend study at the Mining Institute? |
1) Get up at 7 a.m. (your mother)
2) Have dinner at the Institute (you)
3) Read books in the library (your friends)
4) Take exams in spring (extra-mural students)
5) Be a big city (St. Petersburg)
6) Be on holiday (you)
7) Have a break for lunch (your neighbour)
8) See you of late (your parents)
9) Go to the Deans office today (the monitor of the group)
1) What you have just done.
2) What you have already done.
3) What you have done this morning.
4) What you have done today.
5) What you have done lately.
6) What you have done this week.
7) What you have done this month.
8) What you have done this autumn / winter / spring.
9) What you have done this year.
, Past Simple. .
1) They... us at the station (meet).
2) She... me a very interesting piece of news (tell).
3)... you... to the Institute yesterday (go)?
4) I... you last week. Were you ill? (not see)
5) We... a lot of money on compact disks (spend)
.
1) We enered this University last year.
2) I went to the circus yesterday.
3) Did you see your cousin last week?
4) When were you in Helsinki last time?
5) He bought his flat two years ago, didnt he?
6) Who told you about this news?
7) They didnt win the grant.
. 3 .
Noisy places
It is no news that cities are noisy places. The fact has been commented on since the Towers of Babel were first constructed. But in the technologically advanced sections of the world, noise pollution has reached new dimensions.
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In a quiet environment the sound level will be about 50 decibels or less, at 80 decibels the sound level becomes annoying. Nevertheless in the cities, people ere commonly exposed to levels of 110 decibels or more - that of nearby riveting machines, jet takeoff at the airport, or those mind deadening institutions known as discotheques.
Steady exposure to sound at levels of 90 decibels or more is believed to cause loss of hearing. Other effects of noise on man are only being now pinpointed, but they include direct physiological as well as psychological effects. There appear to be individual differences in tolerance to noise and wide differences in tolerance to different kinds of noise high frequency whines are more difficult to withstand than dull roars, sudden and unexpected.
Environment includes all the conditions and influences surrounding and affecting the life of an individual or population. The interrelationships of living organisms to one another and their environment have been studied for many years by ecologists, although relatively few studies have been made of mans relationship to his total environment. This relationship is not viewed in the same way by all people. Some hold the view that man should have dominion over nature and should bring all aspects of nature under his control. This concept was held by the early settlers of North America as they tried to make a living in the wilderness. Nature was their enemy and had to be conquered. When mans impact on nature had become great enough to foul the waters, ruin the soil, or eliminate wildlife used for food, then man in North America would pack up and move westward. We are just now emerging from this "cowboy"-practice as we realize that the earth is finite and we move toward a spaceman economy, where resources must be used wisely, where wastes must be properly handled, and where the human colony must adjust to the available resources.
1. What can cause loss of hearing?
2. What is noise pollution?
3. What does environment influence?
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