1) My mother usually gets up at 6 oclock.
2) Does it often snow in St. Petersburg?
3) When do you have lunch?
4) He comes from London, doesnt he?
5) As a rule I dont go by bus to work.
, Present Continuous Present Simple. .
1) I am... coffee (have).
2) My fellow-student is... Exercise II (read).
3) We are... for the bus to come (wait).
4) They are... for London this week (leave).
5) My friend is crazy. He is constantly... computer games (play).
6) Are you... by car (go)?
7) How long is Carla... here (stay)?
| do play | did played | done playd |
account, arrange, be, begin, bring, build, buy, calculate, catch, clean, come, concentrate, cost, decide, do, dress, equip, estimate, examine, exchange, explode, explore, find, forget, give, go, graduate, have, investigate, lead, leave, listen, make, melt, pay, plan, play, prepare, process, prospect, provide, put, read, repair, report, run, set, smelt, solve, speak, specify, strip, study, survey, take, think, train, travel, understand, wash, watch, write.
, Present Perfect. .
1) I... never... a computer before (use).
2)... an umbrella? (take) Its raining.
3) My friend.. on a business trip to Canada (go).
4) We... already... the table (clean). Its vacant.
5) Dont be late! The lecture... just... (begin).
5. , Present PerfectTense. Present PerfectTense.
| Have you been to the Mining Institute today? | Yes, I have. Ive been there for 7 hours. |
1) Have you already had your dinner?
2) How many classes, seminars and lectures have you had today?
3) What interesting TV programs have you seen this week?
4) To what museums, cinemas, theatres or concert halls have you been this month?
5) Who has passed the exams with excellent marks in your group?
6) Where have you just come back from?
7) You have been late for the first lecture, havent you?
. 3 .
Environment
Another kind of restraint looming over us is a set of outer limits on the capacity of the earths natural systems to withstand the impacts of certain human activities without unacceptable damage to the biosphere or to man him. We are only now beginning to look seriously at some of these questions and there is still a dangerous level of ignorance about them. We know that some human activities have reached scales that arc having deleterious effects on ecological systems. We are beginning to learn that some types of environmental effects can be irreparable and irreversible and that in some systems there are thresholds at which incremental impacts may "trigger" highly disproportionate damage.
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Modern science is so inventive that it will probably succeed in providing mankind with technologies to compensate for the destruction of natural resources. But this alone will not correct the damage to the environment done by overpopulation and undisciplined technology. Nor will it prevent the damage to physical and mental health caused by rapid environmental changes. Suffice it to mention here that most types of disease are the expressions of mans failure to adapt to his environment, and that adaptation will become increasingly difficult as air, water, and soil are altered more and more rapidly by the new ways of life.
The waste of natural resources, the threats to health, the annihilation of civilized sceneries and the destruction of the wilderness all constitute many different aspects of the environmental problem in the modern world, each with characteristics of its own. In the face of potentially serious breakdowns in specific geographic areas, with tragic consequences for large numbers of people, the ad hoc responses that have characterized our reactions to these environmental emergencies in the past can no longer be tolerated. In our own self-interest we should consider the creation of disaster-prevention programs on a global scale.
There must be a world-wide program to conserve scarce resources. The ethics of limitless abundance must give way to the ethics of scarcity and conservation. A rise in the cost of natural resources will provide incentives for the development of technologies and patterns of consumption that are less energy-intensive that those presently in use, on closed-system production methods, and on techniques for recycling.
We must evolve a strategy for global environmental security - a planetary policy to avoid disaster and provide a greater sense of direction in human affairs.
