: when, while , if , unless , though , once - , ; until - . , whenever - , , ; whether - () .
Models:
| He came across this expression when reading a newspaper. | , . |
| When interviewed he refused to answer this question. | , . |
| While lecturing the professor used the slides. | ( ), () . |
Remember: as mentioned above ,
as noticed earlier
1. unless otherwise specified (stated, indicated) , except where otherwise stated (indicated, specified) , .
Exercise 1. Translate into Russian.
1. Once started, pigment continued to be formed at a linear rate for several days. 2. Slight changes have been made where required. 3. Even when obtained pure anthocyanins are usually hydrated. 4. Hemicelluloses will be described when treating the plant cell wall. 5. Frequency values cannot be compared unless determined with plots of equal size. The larger the plots, the higher the frequency. 6. When once fully formed the oil bodies or tonoplasts remain unchanged and divide no further. 7. Biophores ( ) take the form of proteins when subjected to chemical analysis. 8. The present work though dealing mainly with the structural aspects of the subject may aid indirectly in fulfilling the above need. 9. As noticed earlier lichens have a high degree of resistance to drought and, when dry, to high temperatures. 10. The community, except in its eroded form, may be influenced to some extent by ground water. 11. As compared with its external and internal medium, the axon membrane has high electric resistance when at rest becoming a good conductor only when in the depolarized state. 12. Unless otherwise specified, each determination involves the use of two or three large specimens. 13. All of the irradiations described below were carried out with X-rays in the presence of oxygen, except where otherwise stated. 14. Only experiments on unanesthesized animals, unless otherwise mentioned, will be described. 15. Except where otherwise indicated, the operations were carried out at 0-50C. 16. When examined under a microscope the division of the cell was clearly observed. 17. Given sufficient time the axon is able to develop a counter reaction. 18. If artificially injected through the membrane, certain substances to which the membrane is impermeable will diffuse readily through the endoplasm. 19. Given these values of A and T the curve was transformed to give the plot of B versus Q. 20. When assayed at 42oC, the temperature-sensitive enzymes appear to be more active than those of the other mutants.
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Exercise 2. Translate into English using the above-mentioned models.
1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , . 12. , , , . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , , .
2. Participle I + as it (he, she, they) + does (do, did) Participle II + as it (he, she, they) + is (are, was, were) , .
Models:
| Local publications, including as they do only the species of the limited area, are not convincing. | , (..) , ( ). |
| The process inhibited as it was only slightly could be followed with conventional methods. | (..) , ( ) ( ). |
Remember:
when exposed as contrasted
(as) compared as opposed
Exercise 3. Translate into Russian.
1. The shrubs, existing as they often do in pure stands, give a characteristic appearance to the landscape. 2. These data, bearing as they do on the effects of vagus simulation, suggest that the secretory activity is subject to regulatory nervous control. 3. It is practically impossible to avoid some hydrolysis occurring as it did during such procedures. 4. We investigate how animals are adapted to the climate changing as it does, in the course of the year. 5. Meiosis and fertilization, involving as they do the combination of chromosomes form the basis of the reproductive cycle. 6. The living forms of these groups represent a very small proportion of the plants, belonging as they do to the groups, which flowered in certain past ages. 7. Even from our own personal experience we know that the borderline between the aesthetic and extra-aesthetic, depending as it does on the degree of aesthetic perception, fluctuates for each person, according to his age, changes in health, and even momentary moods.
