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Participle I (Active and Passive)




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1. , Participles I.

Models:

He left the room saying (that) he was in a hurry. , , .
Thinking that he was busy, I decided to call on him later. , , .

2. not .

Models:

Not asking her permission he took the book. , .
Not having learnt any Japanese, he couldnt understand the message. , .

 

I. e (Attribute (?, ?)

Participle I (Active and Passive)

Models:

working boys
the boys working in the garden ,
the experiments now being carried on in his laboratory ,

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian.

1. It was pleasant to look at the rising sun. 2. The dancing people were beautifully dressed. 3.She tried to calm the crying child. 4. He came up to the policeman standing at the corner. 5. The room was full of people waiting for the doctor. 6. The conference taking place in Paris is devoted to genetic problems. 7. Chromoplasts are plastids bearing one or more pigments. 8. Chondriosomes are minute bodies having the form of granules, rods or threads. 9. All living organisms may be regarded as machines transforming energy from one form into another. 10. Each mineral is a chemical compound having specific chemical and physical properties. 11. Oxygen is needed for chemical changes taking place in the seedin the presence of water. 12. Germinating seeds must be supplied with air. 13. It is a plant using large amounts of water at the time of its most intensive growth. 14. The number of yellowing leaves was increasing rapidly. 15. Our scientists have discovered a lot of interesting facts demonstrating the relationship between these phenomena. 16. Systematic knowledge of the factors governing food and water intake is difficult to obtain. 17. The stones being thrown by the boys are falling into the water. 18. The large building being constructed in our street is a hospital. 19. The letters being typed now should be sent immediately. 20. The student being asked now is my friend.

Exercise 2. Translate into English. Follow the model.

1. . 2. , , . 3. , . 4. , , . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. , , . 9. , , .

1. , (, , ), .

Model:

The conference that recently took place in Paris was devoted to genetic problems. , , .

Compare the following sentences:

The man making the report is a good speaker. , , .

The man who made the report is a good speaker. , , .

Participle II

Models:

A broken cup was lying on the table. .
All books taken from the library must be returned next week. , , .

Exercise 3. Translate into Russian.

1. All of the above-mentioned investigators found a decrease in gastric mobility. 2. The reader may be referred to the book already mentioned. 3. Fungus filaments were demonstrated in all the soils examined. 4. With regard to many subjects treated, it has not been found possible to formulate final conclusions. 5. The results obtained may be summed up in one simple statement. 6. All of the material bounded by the cell wall is referred to as protoplasm. 7. Quite different symptoms distinguish the diseases dealt with in this chapter. 8. The best general definitions are those supplied by Smith. 9.The most important plant pigment is the green colouring matter called chlorophyll. 10. Her books, read by people all over the world, are still immensely popular. 11. We tried all the methods recommended. 12. The discovery made by the scientist is of vital importance for space exploration. 13. The article is commenting on the research carried on in the newly created centre. 14. The letter addressed to the editor was left unanswered. 15. They were recalling the days spent in England.

Exercise 4. Translate into English. Follow the model.

1. , . 2. , , . 3. , , . 4. , , . 5. , . 6. . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , , 200 .

2. Participle II to concern, to involve , , , ( , ).

Models:

The problems involved proved to be rather complicated () .
The specificity of the enzymes concerned has not yet been determined. (, ) .

Exercise 5. Translate into Russian.

1. The nature of the mutations involved is unknown. 2. The mechanisms involved are worth investigation. 3. Both these species are equally frequent, presumably due to the small number of the kinds of trees concerned. 4. The nature of the cells concerned has not been determined. 5. The properties of the substances involved are as yet not clearly understood. 6. The phenomenon is rather complicated and the processes involved are not yet clear. 7. The complexity of the technique involved increased considerably. 8. The rate of a reaction depends on the specific nature of the substances involved. 9. None of the authors concerned had based his experiment on the method discussed. 10. Consideration of these cases may help us to isolate the various fundamental problems involved. 11. The physiological processes cause delimitation of the cytoplasmic regions involved. 12. The regions concerned are parts of our country including the famous bryophyte and lichen localities.

3. Participle II as, , , ; , ; , .

Model:

There are drawings of thin slices of cork as observed with the aid of a simple microscope. , (, ) .

4. so , so far (thus far) , thus ., .

Model:

The double threads so formed undergo a progressive shortening , , .

Exercise 6. Translate into Russian.

1. This science deals directly with the life of the past as found in stratified rocks. 2. The secondary wall as laid down on the inside of the primary wall, consists largely of cellulose. 3. Changes in the structure of cells, as revealed by the study of their properties, can be made reversible. 4. Certain other species are as common as those dealt with above. 5. A poliovirus particle so pictured contained only RNA and protein. 6. The methods of experimentation so far evolved dont permit a very exact examination of the effect of temperature. 7. The odd numbers are due to trivalent formation so far hidden among the chromosomes in the plate.

Exercise 7. Translate into English. Use the above-mentioned models.

1. , , . 2. , , . 3. , , . 4. , , . 5. , , . 6. , . 7. , ? 8. , , , , , , , .

5. , , , , ( ).

Model:

The substance isolated possessed different properties. .

Exercise 8. Translate into Russian.

1. The species collected varied in their characters. 2. The data obtained confirmed the above statement. 3. The growing mass divided into two increased the surface without immediate increase in volume. 4. The fungus probably introduced by aircraft first occurred in Holland in 1958. 5. The cations tested passed through the protoplasm. 6. The mixture obtained resisted compression. 7. The fate of IAA (indolyacetic acid) applied to tissues differed from that of IAA which was already in the tissues. 8. The substance released exerted a potent dilating influence upon coronary vessels in dogs. 9. Plants raised from Wilsons seed differed from others grown there under the same name R. lacteum. 10. Data reported by Prof. K. demonstrated antagonizing effects of quinine on the pressor reactions.

6. Participle II . , . , .

Models:

The data referredto by the speaker were accurate. , , .
They observedsome species influenced by oxygen deficiency , .

:

to act on (upon) ,

to affect , ,

to arrive at ()

to follow ; -, -; -;

to influence

to insist on (upon)

to refer to , .

Exercise 9. Translate into Russian.

1. The plants affected by unfavourable conditions underwent a thorough treatment. 2. Recent studies referred to by the author are noteworthy. 3. The rate of growth unaffected by any external factors increases rapidly. 4. The species acted upon by this procedure are mentioned separately. 5. The scheme insisted upon proved to be satisfactory. 6. The substances so much spoken about find application in medicine. 7. We refer the reader to the books and reviews listed in the bibliography and referred to in the text. 8. The protein macromolecules referred to are sometimes longer and sometimes smaller than the smallest colloidal gold particles seen under the ultramicroscope. 9. Although petal flavanoids are less effected by environmental factors it is important to use mature petals to avoid the developmental effects already touched upon. 10. A firm decision was arrived at. 11. The children looked after by a nanny were playing on the sports ground.

Exercise 10. Translate into English. Follow the above-mentioned models.

1. , . 2. , , . 3. , , . 4. , , . 5. , , . 6. , , . 7. , , . 8. , , . 9. . 10. , . 11. .

7. II to follow , , , .

1. -., -.

Model:

The first experiment followed by a series of others provided us with many valuable data. , , .

2. -., -., -.

Model:

The principle followed by this scientist has received wide attention. , ,

3. , , -., -.

Model:

The particles followed under the light microscope proved to be bound. , () , .

Followed by , , , () .

Model:

Bac. cereus is very predominant in Maryland soils, followed by Bac. subitilis. Bac. cereus, Bac. subitilis.

following, Participle I, , .

Model:

Lofgren found that following symphatectomy in man the skin area grew smaller with time. , () .

Exercise 11. Translate into Russian.

1. The technique followed by the experimentalists was quite reliable. 2.The cells collected were washed twice with physiological saline, followed by suspension in distilled water. 3. Synthesis of DNA occurs within a period of 1-2 hours following mitosis and then ceases. 4. Fragments examined at intervals following the operation showed no mitotic activity. 5. During the first day, potassium is most easily leached, followed in order by phosphorus, calcium and nitrogen. 6. The effect of several chemicals on morphogenetic process was studied following aggregation.

Exercise 12. Translate into English. Use the above-mentioned models.

, , . 2. , , . 3. , , . 4. . 5. , , . 6. , , .

II. (Adverbial Modifier (?, ?, ?)

Participle I (Active and Passive)

Models:

Translating the article the student consulted a dictionary. ( ), () .
Being asked whether he intended to return soon, he answered that he would be away for about three months. (= ), , , .

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian.

1. Being organic, the chromosomes must change their form. 2. Looking through the lists of species we find that the leaves are at varying heights above the ground in the different species. 3. Being perforated by animals the soil is consequently looser. 4. Examining the cell under a microscope we could watch its division. 5. Being examined under a microscope the cell reveals its secrets. 6. Being composed of many cells an organ of a higher plant is relatively thick. 7. Considering the known properties of the cell membrane, it is probable that much of this control is due to activity of the nuclear membrane itself. 8. Having plenty of time to spare I had a good look round the town. 9. Knowing the harmful effects of the rays they took special precautions. 10. They carried out a number of experiments using the most up-to-date methods and equipment. 11.Being offered to stay for some more days she accepted the invitation. 12. Being deprived of the oxygen supply required, the plant is retarded in its growth. 13. Being properly illuminated, the leaves of sugar beet produce the largest quantities of sacharose at 300 to 400C in the morning hours and at 100 to 200 C at night.

Exercise 2. Translate into English. Follow the models.

1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , - . 9. , - . 10. , .

Participle II

Model:

Squeezed by ice the steamer could not continue the way. , .

1. Participle II to give to grant : given , granted , given that (granted that) - ; , ; , .

Models:

Given the exact data you can calculate the volume. , .
Granted that the organism is a physico-chemical system... , -

Exercise 3. Translate into Russian.

1. Displaced into the adrenal body some of the embryonic cells become differentiated into ganglion cells. 2. Encouraged by the work done on the acetylcholinesterase activity in the cochlear, the labirinthine part has been investigated in similar way. 3. Kept in horizontal position the 2 instruments were placed on the ground, one of them with the other without a shelter. 4. Cultivated under favourable conditions the vegetation is getting dense and luxuriant. 5. Compared with its external and internal medium, the axon membrane has high electric resistance when at rest, becoming a good conductor only when in the depolarized state. 6. Expressed in terms of the developmental concept of vegetation migratory communities are the beginnings of series which can culminate in stable vegetation. 7. Faced with the problem of delimiting the field to be discussed, the reviewers found their assignment difficult. 8. Loved by all who knew him, he devoted his life to others. 9. Lost for many years, the manuscript suddenly turned up again. 10. Hidden in the cellar, the money was not discovered for many years. 11. Arrived at the ship, the passengers were shown their cabins. 12. Exhausted by the long journey he soon fell asleep. 13. Bitterly disappointed, the explorers set out on the return journey. 14. Given the centre, we know immediately the values of A. and T. 15. Given the parameters listed in the table, the melting curve was reconstructed from equation 2. 16. Granted that the constantly hot and constantly moist climate is more primitive than the other climate of today, we can regard as most primitive the life-form best adapted to such a climate.

Exercise 4. Translate into English. Follow the model.

1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , - .

Perfect Participle

Models:

Having left the University he spent 4 years in steel industry in his native town. ( , ), 4 , .
Having been exhibited for a short time in the former USSR the canvases of the Dresden gallery were returned to Germany. , , .

Exercise 5. Translate into Russian.

1. Having examined a new specimen the taxonomist described its characteristics. 2. Having investigated the species within these individual environments we must first try to discover the chief peculiarities in their structure. 3. Having entered via the blood vessels the dividing mesodermal cells differentiate into the micro- or mesoglial cells. 4. Having analysed the properties of the liquid we discovered that it was poisonous. 5. Having lived in that town all his life, he knew it very well. 6. Having arranged everything, he went home by the 10.30 train. 7. Having been taught English by a good teacher, he knew the English language well. 8. Having been warned that the river was rising rapidly, they turned back. 9. Having finished all work, they could have a rest. 10. Having completed the experiment they compared the result. 11. Having come to such a conclusion, the doctor made up his mind to say nothing to the patient. 12. Having been out all day I was quite happy to stay in for the evening. 13. Having failed one of my examsI couldnt get into University. 14. Having performed its function, the water flows out of the stomas of the leaves and evaporates.

Exercise 6. Translate into English. Follow the above-mentioned models.

1. , . 2. , , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , , . 8. , 11 , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , . 12. , .





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