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(review exercises). Exercise 1. Practise Gerund by Translating some sentences.




Exercise 1. Practise Gerund by translating some sentences.

1. , , . 2. ; , . 3. , . 4. , ; . 5. . 6. , , 100 , , , .

Exercise 2. Translate using the Gerund.

1. , . 2. . 3. . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , . 12. , . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , . 16. , ? 17. , . 18. . 19. . 20. . 21. , . 22. , . 23. . . 24. , , . 25. , . 26. . 27. , . 28. . 29. , . 30. , .

 

 

Exercise 3. Translate, state the form and the function of the Gerund.

1. Drying reduced the number of protozoa. 2. Is there any reason for believing that flocculation occurs in all natural water? 3. It is worth noting in this connection that there are at least two kinds of analyses practised by science. 4. At all events the resistance of lichens to disease is an important factor in aiding them to be ling-lived. 5. The investigator is usually faced with the problem of having to work with low concentrations of plant material. 6. An enzyme greatly speeds the rate of the reaction without being much damaged itself by the reaction. 7. Large spores are liberated at ground level instead of being deposited on surfaces. 8. Fortunately Atropa plants that showed signs of having been eaten were found in the vicinity. 9. Decreasing the alkalinity of the blood by injecting acetic acid into it reduced the resistance to a large extent. 10. Besides closely resembling the large lymphocytes these cells have slightly more cytoplasm and a more eccentrically placed nucleus. 11. Increasing the concentration of substrate decreases the amount of inhibition, and, conversely, decreasing the substrate concentration increases the inhibition. 12. Other conditions being equal, evaporation increases density by concentrating the materials being dissolved. 13. Wherever a change in the enviroment takes place, whether by cultivating or other circumstances, we observe the corresponding changes occur in the composition. 14. I cant help mentioning that many aquatic plants are reported to be sensitive to the higher intensities of sunlight and, as a matter of fact, must avoid them by occupying deeper level in the water. 15. His having crossed a red-flowered race with a write-flowered race by dusting the pollen on the pistils prevented the plant from pollinating itself. 16. The following substances are said to play part in producing colour in natural waters. 17. Its (of the lake) slow cooling in autumn is due to giving off the large amounts of heat. 18. The inside of the cell can be reached either by a penetrating micro electrode or by injuring one end of the cell and thus destroying the membrane integrity at this point. 19. We have been unable to delay germination by substituting ABA solutions for pericarps. 20. The fact that these species are very distinctive by reason of having C-methylated flavanoids found nowhere else in the genus is one of importance. 21. Retarded development of young rats was prevented by supplementing the diet with the known B vitamins. 22. Other conditions being equal, light is a very influential factor in determining the occurrence and distribution of chlorophyll in a lake. 23. The number of chromosomes to be counted was doubled by shaking the eggs. 24. Observing a loop of a single chromosome about to divide may lead to a series of unexpected findings. 25. The modifications involve different methods of administering the substance to be assayed. 26. Shade loving plants are subject to fading when exposed to light. 27. One cannot help being impressed by the valiant efforts and the extensive analysis of this problem by proponents of the two opposite theories on limb morphogenesis. 28. It is in my opinion to be regretted that important changes in the conception of a species are undertaken without being openly discussed.

 

THE INFINITIVE

 

  Voice
  Active Passive
Tense    
Indefinite to write to be written
Continuous to be writing  
Perfect to have written to have been written
Perfect Continuous to have been writing  

, . , , , , .. , , .

Indefinite Infinitive , , - .

Models:

I must go and see him in a day or two. .
Peter is glad to be invited by me. , .

Continuous Infinitive , -.

Model:

She appeared to be listening. , .

Perfect Infinitive , , -.

Models:

Im glad to have seen you. , .
The church is supposed to have been built in the 11th century. , 11 .

Perfect Continuous Infinitive , - .

Model:

He is known to have been working on this problem for many years. , .

Exercise 1.Supply the missing forms of the following infinitives.

Model: --to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing

To bring, to build, to buy, to choose, to drink, to eat, to find, to get, to hide, to lose, to make, to send, to sing, to win.





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