1) , , ; , ( -.) to ~ all the company's advertising to be overseen by environmental experts Syn: supervise, superintend
2) ) ) ,
assist (v)
1) , , , The young nurse was ~ing at her first operation. . to ~ with the editing of a manuscript
2) (at) the dinner at which we have just ~ed ,
assistance (n)
, , , to render (give, offer, provide) ~ considerable/great ~ , economic/financial ~ legal ~ public ~ He was of considerable assistance to us. . Any ~ will be gratefully received. . Syn: help
assistant (n)
1) , ; , teaching ~ , Syn: aide, helper, subordinate
2)
probation (n)
1) ; to be on ~ Syn: status of trainee
2)
3) (. )
interfere (v)
1) ( -. - in; with, ( -.) They may ~ in elections . Syn: intervene
2) , , (with) Nothing must be allowed to ~ with our plans for the weekend. .
3) , The interests of two republics very little ~ed. .
interference (n)
1) (in, with) unwarranted ~
2) , Syn: obstruction
3)
justify (v)
1) ; ; ; We have no longer the difficult task of ~ing science in the eyes of the nation. .
2) , to ~ (as) bail It would be hard to ~ this particular assertion by an appeal to facts. . Syn: confirm, prove, verify
require (v)
1) , you are ~ed to go there She ~ed that everyone attend/should attend the meeting. , . Syn: order, command
2) ( -.); (-.) it ~s careful consideration Hard work will be ~ed of students in this course. . The house ~s painting. . Syn: demand, need, want Gram: need, deserve, require, want + to-infinitive or ing-form
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requirement (n)
flexible (adj)
1) ; ; , . Rubber is a flexible substance. . Syn: supple
2) ) , ; My schedule is very ~. . Syn: adaptable ) ; , ; Syn: pliable
flexibility (n)
, , to demonstrate, show ~ He has enough ~ to cope with the job. , . Syn: elasticity, plasticity
complain (v)
1) ( -.), (-.) Jane is ~ing of a headache again. . Go to the teacher and ~ about that boy who sits behind you. , . ~ to the boy's mother, not to me! , ! Syn: grumble, whine
2) , I wish to ~ about the washing machine that I bought last month. , .
complaint (n)
1) , , Syn: discontent, dissatisfaction
2) ) ( -.), ) , Syn: accusation, charge
3) , , Syn: sickness, illness
top (n)
1) , (, ..); (.) Syn: head
2) ) , to come/rise to the ~ ; ) , ; Syn: zenith, pinnacle 1. ) (, , ..) Syn: summit, peak to be/sit on ~ of the world to be at the ~ of the ladder/tree
top (adj)
1) ; the top floor () Syn: upper
2) ) , , , ~ value ~ form () Syn: the highest, the utmost ) ; ; one of the world's ~ journalists Syn: chief, leading top secret
top (v)
1) (), () Syn: cover, surmount, crown, cap
2) ; -. , .. She was so tall that she ~ed her father by a head. . Syn: overtop ; , He ~ed them all. . Syn: surpass, excel
3) ( ..; . top up); (); () Syn: trim
bottom (n)
1) ) , at the ~ of the page
2) (, ..) to go to the ~
3) , , to stand on one's own ~ , Syn: base.
4) , to get (down) to/at the bottom of
bottom (adj)
1) the ~ step
2) , ~ price Syn: last
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3) , , Syn: fundamental
treat (v)
1) , , -. -.; Treat his grey hairs with reverence. .
2) ( -.), , to ~ for certain land Syn: bargain, negotiate
3) ; ; What subject did you ~ upon? ? Syn: discuss
4) () ; Syn: entertain
5) , Syn: cure, heal, remedy treat as; treat for
treat (n)
1) (a) , He gave the usual ~ for the degree of doctor in divinity. . Syn: feast ) , , I had promised them a ~ down the river. ( ) .
2) , , ; (-. ) Syn: enjoyment, delight, pleasure
believe (v)
1) we soon ~ what we desire ~ it or not , to ~ firmly, sincerely, strongly -., -. mistakenly ~ -./ -.
2)
3) I ~ in early rising. .
4) , I ~ so , ; -, ; ( )
belief (n)
1) ; (in) to express a ~ -., -. to hold to a ~ -. to shake one's ~ -. to give up one's ~ -. erroneous/false/mistaken ~ firm/strong/unshakable belief , popular/prevalent ~
2) , to the best of my ~ Syn: opinion
3) ,
obscure (adj)
1) , , ; misty and ~ day Syn: dark, gloomy, dim, dismal
2) , , , Syn: indistinct, unclear, vague
3) ; , , ; ; , Syn: incomprehensible, mysterious
4) a) , ; , ; an ~ poet Syn: undistinguished, unnoticed, humble ) , an ~ country village Syn: remote, hidden, secret
obscure (v)
1) , Syn: darken, dim
2) , ( , ) The moon was now quite ~ed. ( ). Syn: conceal
3) , (, ..)
4) , Syn: disguise
entrepreneur (n)
1) ) ( , ., , ) ) (. ) Syn: impresario, manager 2) , an independent ~ a private ~ Syn: employer
affect (v)
I. 1) , , he has never ~ed to be surprised , Syn: pretend
2) ) , -. that peculiar costume that he ~ed , ) , ( -. ) Syn: like, love
II. 1) ) , ) , shouting ~s the voice
2) , , , , ( , ..) to ~ smb. deeply, profoundly, strongly -. Syn: influence, move, touch.
3) ( ) ~ed by influenza
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affect (n)
The terms "affect" and "affective" denote the emotional aspect of all mental activity. "" "" . Syn: emotion
Unit 5
recruit (v)
) ( ..); , ( , ..) Most private soldiers are ~ed from the working class. . ) ( ); (, ; . c , ) Ostrowski already is being heavily ~ed by the country's top college coaches. . Syn: enroll, conscript, employ, enlist, hire.
recruit (n)
select (v)
1) ) , After many tests, John was ~ed for the team. . ) ; Syn: choose
2)
select (adj)
1) ; ; Syn: picked, excellent
2) ,
promote (v)
1) ; ; / He was ~ed colonel (to the rank of colonel, to be a colonel). .
2) ) , , ; Regular exercise ~s all-round good health. . ) , ; , to promote disorder Syn: encourage, give an incentive
3) to promote a company
4) ) ) ; -. Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to ~ products. .
promotion (n)
terminate (v)
1) , ()
2) (), () (-. - in) The Middle Ages may be said to ~ with the invention of printing. , . Syn: finish
3)
4)
termination (n)
1) ; , ; ; ~ of employment , voluntary ~
2) , , ,
terminator (n)
; [] ;
intelligence (n)
1) , , , a person of considerable ~ Syn: mind, intellect
2) , , ~ test ~ quotient (. I. Q. (test)) Syn: understanding, knowledge, comprehension
3) , to collect, gather ~ classified ~ ; , combat/ military ~ ; Syn: information, news
4) , ~ department, ~ service ,
intelligent (adj)
1) , , It would not be ~ to provoke her. . Syn: clever, sensible
2) , , , Syn: bright, quick-witted
rotate (v)
1) () Syn: revolve, roll, spin, turn, whirl
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2) (); () to ~ crops ()
rotation (n)
1) to make a ~ Syn: revolution gyration
2) ; ; , by/in ~ ;
rotational (adj)
1) , Syn: variable, alternating
2) , ; ,
merit (n)
1) ~ system ,
2) , , , , .. His ~ was rewarded. . Syn: excellence, value, virtue, worth
merit (v)
, (-.) Syn: deserve
competent (adj)
1) ) , ) , a ~ engineer Syn: able, capable, efficient, fit, good, qualified
2) ) ; ; a ~ witness ) ; - ~ majority
incompetent (adj)
competence (n)
incompetence (n)
include (v)
, (among, in) Have you ~ed the chairman in your list of committee members? ?
inclusion (n)
, , ,
exclude (v)
(from);
exclusion (n)
(from) to the ~ of Syn: exception
background (n)
1) , ; the low cottage in the ~ keep in the ~; stay in the ~
2) , , ; , (, , , . . ) to check smb. 's ~ -. one's academic/educational ~ -. religious ~ ethnic or racial ~; to have the right ~ for a job -.
apply (v)
1) , (. ; for ~ -.; to - -.) We ~ed to the authorities for assistance. . ~ in person; ~ by letter Syn: request
2) , , (to) to ~ system ( rule, the law, force, the new method, etc.) / (, , ..)
3) , ; (to) This rule ~s to all. . Syn: refer, relate
application (n)
~ form
applicant (n)
assign (v)
1) , , to ~ counsel to the defendant Syn: appoint
2) , , , (, ) They ~ed us a very difficult mission. .
3) He ~ed me two clerks. . Syn: appoint, designate
4) to ~ a sum of 10,000 dollars 10 .
5) ( -. , . .) This song is sometimes ~ed to Schubert. . Syn: ascribe
assignment (n)
discretion (n)
1) , ; ; Syn: separation, disjunction, distinction
2) ; at customer's ~ at the ~ of complete, full, wide ~ to proceed with ~
3) ; ; , ; ; years of ~ Syn: sagacity, prudence discretion is the better part of valour. .
remove (v)
1) ) , The bed was ~ed downstairs. . Syn: move, shift, transfer, convey ) , ; ; ~ one's hand; ~ one's eyes Syn: withdraw ) ( , -. -. ..) to ~ one's hat ( )
2) , ; Syn: depart
3) , , ,
4) ) , , Mr. Green was ~ed from the chairmanship of the club. . Syn: dismiss, eliminate, expel ) Syn: assassinate, murder
removal (n)
1) ; ; snow ~
2) ( )
3) , ; ; water ~ Syn: elimination
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Dismiss
dismissal
feedback (n)
; , , ~ effect
Evaluate
Evaluation
capricious (adj)
, ; , Syn: inconstant
graduate (v)
1) ; to ~ with honors, graduate cum laude
2) , From commercials she quickly ~ed to television shows. -. Syn: progress
3)
4) , , (in) Is this ruler ~ed in centimetres? ?
graduate (n)
1) ; college ~, university ~ , ~ work , ; ~ student
2)
3) , Syn: measuring glass
undergraduate (n)
c a university ~ Syn: student
postgraduate (n)
()
supervise (v)
, ( -.); ; Syn: control
supervisor (n)
1) , ; , Syn: jailer
2)
3)
extend (v)
1) ) (), (); The border ~s to the river. . The strike has ~ed over 22 weeks. 22 . Syn: reach, stretch ) ( ) ) , ( , , ..); , ( ) We ~ed the fence to the edge of our property. . Syn: elongate, lengthen, prolong, stretch, widen, continue
2) , His power ~s over the whole country. . Syn: spread.
3) ( ) They ~ed a warm welcome to us. . Syn: convey, stretch
extension (n)
1) ) , , Syn: lengthening ) ( , ) Matter has ~. . ) ; ,
2) ) , A dining-room ~. . ) ( , , , )
3) ) ( , ) ) , ..
4) , to grant an ~
5) "" , ..
person (n)
1) ; , ; not a single ~ , missing person a real ~
2) ) ; ) , Syn: personage
3) (. a juridical ~)
personnel (n)
1) , (, ) government ~ qualified ~
2) enlisted ~ military ~
site (n)
1) ; , ; ~ of breakdown Syn: position, situation, location
2) ; , ( )
3) ) , ) ) () , ;
site (v)
1) ) , , Syn: locate, place ) , , , Syn: lie
2) ( )
UNIT 6
ramify (v)
ramification (n)
1) ;
2) ; ( , ); ( ) ~ of a river ~ a plot
3) Syn: branch, offshoot
judge (n)
judge (v)
judg(e)ment (n)
1) , ; sit in ~ Syn: trial
2) , , ~ for/against (defendant/plaintiff) / (/) final ~ ; Syn: punishment, penalty
3) , ( ), (of, about - -., -.) in smb's ~ -. , -. Syn: opinion, look, estimate
4) , ; , (of, on, upon) Syn: criticism
5) , ; ; to show good/sound/poor ~ //-; He's a man of excellent judg(e)ment. . a snap ~; to make ~
weigh (v)
1) (); When did you ~ last? ? The goods were carefully ~ed at the time of shipment. .
2) , , I ~ed the consequences of both sides as fairly as I could. . to ~ one's words to ~ all pros and cons Syn: consider, think over, study
3) (with, against) to~ one plan (thing/proposal/argument, etc.) against another (, , ..) 4) , ; the suitcase ~s quite a lot .
weight (n)
weighty (adj)
betray (v)
1) , , be ~ed by fate
2) , (, ) his voice ~ed him
3) (, );
betrayal (n)
betrayer (n)
put off (v)
1) , Would you please put me off (the train) at the railway station? .
2) ( ..) Please ~ all the lights as you leave the building. , .
3) (-. ) Never ~ till tomorrow what you can do today. , . Syn: call off
4) , ( -., -.)
5) (, ..) How can I ~ these fearful doubts? ?
