Railroads were not possible without the invention of the steam engine, which was first developed as a source of power for boats.
Richard Trevithick, an English engineer, experimented with stationary and moving steam engines.In 1804 he invented a steam locomotive that could move ten tons of iron and seventy people along ten miles of cast iron track in Wales. This marked the beginning of railways in England, a development that spread all over the world. While rails had been around for a long time, they had only been made of wood and were used only in coalmines. Then in 1814, George Stephenson, another English engineer, built a locomotive in the coal mine in which he worked eleven years later he came up with the engine, Locomotion. This new steam locomotive pulled the first train on a newly built line from Stockton to Darlington in the northern part of England. This train hauled coal between the towns, but passengers still rode in horse drawn wagons because people were worried about the safety of these new machines.
All of the long experimenting in transportation during the Industrial Revolution created the basis for todays transportation systems fast, efficient trains, ocean liners and supper highways that transport both people and goods. The industrial revolution and the transportation revolution developed together.
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1 What did Richard Trevithick do?
2 What did George Stephenson do?
3 What did long experimenting in transportation creat?
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THE WANKEL ENGINE
The Wankel engine is a form of heat engine which has a rotary piston. In other words, instead of going up and down the Wankel piston rotates in the cylinder. Both cylinder and piston are quite different in shape from those of conventional engines. The Wankel piston is triangular with curved sides and the cylinder is roughly oval in shape. The piston has an inner bore which is linked through an eccentric gear to the output shaft. The other end of the bore is toothed and engaged with a stationary gear fixed to the cylinder end. This arrangement ensures that the piston follows an elliptical path round the cylinder so that the apexes of the piston, which carry gastight seals, are always in contact with the inside surface of the cylinder.
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The piston thus forms three crescent-shaped spaces between itself and the cylinder wall, which vary in size as the piston rotates. Fuel enters the cylinder through the inlet port when one of these spaces is increasing in size. The fuel trapped in this section is then compressed by the turning
piston and ignited by the sparking plug. The expanding gases subject the piston to a twisting moment which makes the piston revolve further until the exhaust gases escape through the exhaust port. A fresh charge is then induced into the cylinder. Meanwhile the same process is being repeated in the other two spaces between the piston and the cylinder.
The Wankel engine has many advantages over the reciprocating piston engine. Fewer moving parts are necessary because it produces a rotary movement without using a connecting rod and a crankshaft. Because of this rotary movement it has no vibration. In addition it has no valves, it is smaller and lighter than conventional engines of the same power, and it runs economically on diesel and several other fuels.
up and down movement = reciprocating apex
movement 
; - ; gastight seal ; crescent-shaped cepnoo6pa; triangular ; inner bore gear , connecting rod
DISCUSSION
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1. .., .. - . : , 1987.
2. .., .., .. . - , , 2002 52.
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4. Bill Gates, the Software King.//Boy`s life. Musters of invention. Digest 13, 2005.
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To look for, work experience, employment, multinational company, license, customer services, taxation, to seek an employment, customs, fluent, male, female, translator, part-time, public relations, estate, project managing, university degree, further information, computer experience, guide company, drivers license, reliable, responsible, qualified, research centre, considerable abilities.
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What is resume? Resume is a summery of somebodys experience areas, which are necessary for position he applies for.
What main rules or points is it consisted of?
A resume takes a great part at finding a job. The good made resume must give the complete picture of your work experience and your qualification.
A resume consists of such main points:
1. Name, the last Name, address, telephone, age.
2. Education and qualification (it is necessary to begin with the last educational establishment you graduated, and also from the last place of work and to transfer all in a reverse order).
3. Position, which you desire to occupy.
4. References.
III. : mini-resume
| 376 West 186th Street, Apartment 6-J. New York, #4. 10033 tel.(212) 973-6792 Objective: A position of a programmer. Summary: 15 yers of experience in software programming. Familar with different kinds of computer languages. Experience:IBM (Research Centre) 2004 - presentSoftware programmer. Educat ion:Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995-2003Dr. Sci. (Mathematics). Personal:Married, two children |
IV. :
1. Name, surname, age;
2. Address, telephone, mob. telephone;
3. Education;
4. Qualification;
5. Work experience ( )
6. Personal;
7. Interests.
:
1. What is resume?
2. What are the main points of resume?
3. Must we be honest writing resume?
4. Will you follow the advice: Dont go to an interview without a record of former employment.?
:
1. Business Writing Clear and Simple Copyright 2007 Learning Express, LLC
2.David Chappell, Derek Marshall Vinsent, Power-Smith Simon Cavender. Building Contract Dictionary.Third Edition.
3.John Forster.Effectiv writing skills for Public Relations. Forth Edition.
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An offer of employment-
Apprenticeship training-
Attend-
Degree-
Dependants-
Divorced-
Duration-
Duties-
Employer-
Income-
Language proficiency
Major subjects-
Married-
Never married
Physical and mental disability-
Primary school-
Regarding-
Relationship-
Reside-
Salary-
Secondary school-
Separated-
Suffer-
Trade qualification-
Trade-
Training-
Unemployment-
Widowed-\
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QUESTIONNAIRE
There are dirrerent types of questionnaires in every country, they are used when people apply for a job or a university, join the army, or ask for various allowances.
To fill in a questionnaire is not just a formality, how a person does it may change a lot in his life, influence his professional career.
The questionnairy given below is most frequently used, when it is demanded a detailed information about a
person's professional qualification.
DETAILS OF TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE
Full names Mr/Mrs/Miss
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Address
Married/Never married/ Widowed/Divorced/Separated___________
Date of birth_____________________________________________
Nationality_______________Country of birth__________________
Do you or any of your dependendants suffer, or have any of you ever suffered from any physical or mental disability? (Yes or No)_______
If yes, give full details_____________________________________ _______________________________________________________
Number and ages of children over the age of 1,5 years:
| Name | Age | Qualification | ||
Have you ever resided in the USA, if so,
please give details
Items (A) and (D) must be completed by all applicants
Items (B) and (C) must only be completed if applicable
(A) School education: total number of years From To
Primary school ___________________________________________
Secondary/High school ____________________________________
Professional school _______________________________________
Highest examinations passed ________________________________
Major subjects ___________________________________________
(B) Higher education or special training:
Name of college, university or institution attended _______________ _______________________________________________________
Prescribed duration of course _______________________________
Period attended: From________________to____________________
Major subjects ___________________________________________
What degree, diploma or certificate obtained____________________
(C) Trade qualifications:
Duration of apprenticeship training; from__________to___________
Trade in which qualified____________________________________
(D) Record of employment: (these details must be in date
order including periods of unemployment for the last 20
years)
| Name of firm | City/Town in which located | From To | Nature of work |
(E) Describe briefly your present/last duties ____________________ _______________________________________________________
(F) What is the trade or business of your present/last
employer? _______________________________________________
(G) What is your present/ last monthly salary or income?__________
(H) What occupation do you intend following in USA? ___________
(I) Do you receive a pensio or do you have a private
income? If so, please give details ____________________________
(J) Have you an offer of employment in USA? If so, attach copy of the offer ________________________________________________
(K) Language proficiency: __________________________________
(a) What is your mother tongue? _____________________________
(b) What is your proficiency in other languages? (Answer YES or NO under the different headings)
| Language | Speak | Read | Write |
| English | |||
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:
1. Are there dirrerent types of questionnaires in every country?
2. When are questionnaires used?
3. To fill in a questionnaire is just a formality, isn`t it?
4. Can a questionnairy influence one`s professional career?
:
1. Business Writing Clear and Simple Copyright 2007 Learning Express, LLC.
2.David Chappell, Derek Marshall Vinsent, Power-Smith Simon Cavender. Building Contract Dictionary.Third Edition.
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3.John Forster.Effectiv writing skills for Public Relations. Forth Edition.
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: : Four Industrial Revolution
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