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, :

1. (free forms): birthday, , (bound forms).

2. , , , (a form-word stem): mother-in-law, bread-and-butter. , , , .

3. ( ).

4. , , , N V, .

5. N + N, , .

6. , .. (last-minute changes).

7. (nonce-compounds).

8. .

 

, , . to enthuse enthusiasm, to legislate a legislator.

, ( ), . , , , . . to burgle a burglar, to beg a beggar.

:

→ ;

-ing → ;

→ ;

→ ;

→ .

1. -er, -or, -our/-eur, -ar, -ard. : broker → broke, wafter → waft, hawker → hawk, butler → butle, editor → edit, sculptor → sculpt.

2. -ing. : kittling → to kittle ; awning → to awn , .

Quisling → to quisle, (Quisling , 1940 . ), , , . . , , : -ing Quisling -ing, .

-r -ing, . : woolder , woolding , to woold ; stoker , stoking , to stoke ; farrier , , farring , to farry .

3. -ence, -tion, -sion, -is, -y, -ment, -age, -ery. : reminiscence → reminisce, infraction → infract, television → televise, catalysis → catalyze, emplacement → emplace.

4. , : luminescent → luminesce, reminiscent → reminisce, frivolous → frivol, peevish → peeve.

5. , : greedy → greed, nasty → nast.

() , : motor → to mote (to go by motor), beauty → beat, honey → hon. [I] , .

. , , .

+ II (spoon-fed to spoon-feed). . , . -, , -d, , , , , fed feed. -, , , . . : spoon-fed →to spoon-feed. spoon-fed : hen-pecked → to hen-peck, smoke-dried → to smoke-dry.

II . + II , , , *to man-make man-made.

 

, , , ( ), ( ).

, , , , , . .

, , , .

, , , . : ( ) ( ) .

- , , :

) , : doc (doctor), sis (sister), exam (examination);

) , : phone (telephone), drome (aerodrome), plane (aeroplane);

) , , , : flu (influenza), flu (influence), fridge (refrigerator);

) , : maths (mathematics), comms (communications), mart (market).

: , , hanky, unkie handkerchief uncle, han n, - -ie, - . baccy (tobacco) , (-).

() .

, , . , , . , avanguarde vanguard, . estrange strange, capitain captain, brigantine brig . . : taxi taxi-cab, , , taxi-motorcab, cab ( cabriolet), perm ( permanent wave), bus ( omnibus). , , , , , .

, , , . : mend , amend , spy , espy , fence , defence , sprite , spirit . .

. , , - . : referee ref; professor prof; second sec; difference dif; promenade prom; operation op.

sitter baby-sitter, char charwoman, public public house, , , , , . , , , pub public house, pop popular music, perm permanent wave, zoo zoological garden.

: mike microphone, telly television.

: telephone phone phony a person who makes obscene phone calls. , , , : phone to phone , taxi to taxi . , , labware laboratory ware.

, , : dems democrats, Liberals Liberal party.

( ) , . .

: ) , (): 1) , (..D. cash on delivery, EEC European Economic Community, FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation, MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology, UN the United Nations); 2) , (TV television, GHQ General Headquarters, Tuberculosis); ) , , , . . (). : UNESCO the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization; laser light-wave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; W.A.A.F. Women's Auxiliary Air Force; TEWT tactical exercises without troops.

, , , , : A-bomb atom bomb ; H-bomb hydrogen bomb ; g-man government man ; V. J.-Day Victory over Japan Day .

.

() ( ). , . : page ( : pages); min minute; ft feet foot; N-Y New York .

. , , ; , .

, . : Gen. (General), Col. (Colonel), UK (United Kingdom), RAF (Royal Air Force), Ky (Kentucky), rkt (rocket), gvt (government).

, :. i. e. (. id est) that is; e. g. (exempli gratia) for example; cf (confer) compare; lb. (libra) pound; v. (versus) against.

, , . , , : Member of Parliament; p.m. post meridiem; GI ( government issue); a VC , ( Victoria Cross).

, , , , . , , master of ceremonies ; ; , to emce , ; .P'ess a woman member of Parliament , ; L.S.D'ism money-worship : L.S.D. pound sterling, shilling, n ( libra , solidum , denarius ).

, , , , .

, , , , , CAR Canadian Association of Radiologists, . . . Civil Air Transport. camp campaign, art artillery, camp campaign camp , art artillery art .

. , -, : sub subaltern, sub subeditor, sub subject, sub subjunctive, sub sublimation, sub submarine, sub subscription.

, , , , , : RTC Railway Transport Corps, RTC Recruit Training Centre, RTC Reserve Training Corps, R. . Royal Tanks Corps. ( art art ) , , , , . ., .

, ( ) , , . , , , , .

, : , , -, , , , portmanteau words, blends, amalgam word, fusion, telescope word, brunch word, cross form, contamination .

, , , ( ) , , - . : ice-travaganza (ice + extravaganza) ; swacket (sweater + jacket) ; diamonair (diamond + air) ; angrageous (angry + rageous) , ; begincement (beginning + commencement) ; superjet (supersonic + jet) ; psyop (psychological + operation) ; Ameringlish ; apartmate (apartment + mate) .

, , .

, , , , , , . , , , . : travelogue ( , , ) , , .

, :

1) ( ) , : dramedy - (dra ma + co medy); memberlect -, - (re member + recol lect);

2) , : video-log (video + cata log ue); pocketphone (pocket + tele phone); jazzercise (jazz + ex ercise);

3) , : teleplay , , (tele vision + play); mocamp (mo tor-car + camp);

4) , , , : faction (fact + fiction); Singlish (Singapore English); businesspeak (business + speak).

, , , : Ameslan American sign language.

, , : fantabulous, adj (fanta stic + fa bulous); to babynap, v (to kid nap a baby).

, . , . : brunch breakfast + lunch , dunch dinner + lunch , telebook, telecomms, teledish, telenovela, teleoperated.

 





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