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811.111'373(075.8)
81.432.1 93
96
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811.111'373(075.8)
81.432.1 93
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, , : . cat , gilded youth bosom friend , , , er , teacher, worker.
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- : father, brother, mother, daughter, son, sister;
- : fire, hill, moon, night, star, snow, sun, stone, tree, water, wind, wood;
- : cat, crow, fish, hare, goose, hound, mouse, wolf;
- : heart, knee, mouth, nose, foot, eye, ear, brow;
- , : hard, light, quick, right, red, slow, thin, white, raw, cold, new, sad, glad, good;
- : bear, come, know, lie, sit, stand, be, eat, sleep, hear, say;
- : one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, ten, hundred;
- : ( they), ;
- : after, at, by, for, in, on, of.
, , (, , , , , , .). , :
- : head, hand, finger, bone, ankle, breast, cheek;
- : bear, fox, calf, chicken, goat;
- : oak, fir, grass;
- : rain, frost, winter, spring, summer, sea, land, bridge, ground, storm, ship, house, room;
- : dead, dear, deep, heavy, sharp, soft, broad, deaf, green, grey, thick, old;
- : drink, forget, follow, live, make, send, sing, shake, burn, bake, keep, learn, meet, rise, see, speak, tell, answer, make, give, drink;
- : all, each, self, such;
- : again, along, forth, forward, near;
- : before, from, under, up.
, 75%.
() ( -). . . , , -, , , -. - , , ( , paper < French papier < Latin papyrus < Greek papyros) ( , table < French la table < Latin tabula ).
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( ) , ( , ). : regime (Fr); ballet (Fr); bouquet (Fr).
, . . , . , , . : superman German Übermensch; homesickness German Heimweh; masterpiece German Meisterstück; wonder child German Wunderkind; first dancer Italian prima-ballerina; below ones dignity Latin infra dignitatem; under consideration Latin sub judice; vicious circle Latin circulus vitiosus.
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() , , , , . . : OE bread braud. : OE gift , (Scandinavian , ), OE dwellan , (Scandinavian dvelja ).
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- : wall, cup, wine, mile;
- : take, get, gift, fellow, call, husband, want;
- : face, table, chair, figure, finish, matter.
, . , , : money less (money Fr-Lat; less - N); court ly (court Fr; ly - N); gentle man (gentle Fr; man - N); woman servant (woman N; servant Fr).
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, , . : domino, minaret, shah, toreador;
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, , . : bacillus bacilli; phenomenon phenomena; crisis crises. , ;
, , .. . XVII . , : machine, bourgeois, protégé, beige, boulevard, fiancé. - police, cartoon; , : [Z] prestige, regime; [wa:] memoir; [ã] or [õ] mélange. ;
, , restaurant, corps, bouquet, cliché, ballet, t, s buffet, corps; ch, qu, ou etc brioche, café, cliché.
, .. , , , , . . , : addio, ciao (Italian); coup detat; hors doeuvres; bons vivant; au revoir (French); vita brevis est (Latin); Wehrmacht, Fuhrer (German).
, . , .
V . .., .. . , , , , . : wine (Lat. vinum); pepper (Lat. piper); peach (Lat. persicum); pear (Lat. pirum); plum (Lat. prunus); butter (Lat. būtyrum); pea (Lat. pisum); cheese (Lat. cāseus).
: mill (Lat. molina); kitchen (Lat. coquina); kettle (Lat. catillus); cup (Lat. cuppa); dish (Lat. discus); line (Lat. līnea); chalk (Lat. calx); copper (Lat. cuprum); : ass (Lat. asinus); mule (Lat. mulus); : pound (Lat. pondō); inch (Lat. uncia); cheap (Lat.caupōna).
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, , , . , , , . : street (Lat. strata via); camp (Lat. campus); port (Lat. portus); wall (Lat. vallum); colonia castra, Lincoln, Manchester, Gloucester, Leicester.
, VI VII .. .. , . , , - . :
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abbot (Lat abbās < Gk abbās , aa); alms (Lat eleēmosyna < Gk eleēmosynē ); altar (Lat altāria ); angel (Lat angelus < Gk aggelōs ); anthem (Lat antiphona < Gk antiphona ); ark (Lat arca , ); apostle (Lat apostolus < Gk apōstolos ); bishop (Lat. episcopus < Gk. episcopos ); candle (Lat. candela ); cowl , (Lat cuculla ); disciple (Lat discipulus ); devil (Lat diabolus < Gk diābolos , ); martyr (Lat martyr < Gk. mārtur ); monk (Lat monachus; Gk monachōs ); master (Lat magister ); nun (Lat nonna ); pope (Lat pāpa; Gk pāpas , ); priest (Lat presbyter < Gk presbyterōs ); shrine ( ) (Lat scrinium ); temple (Lat templum ).
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school (Lat. schola < Gk. skholế , ); verse (Lat. versus , , ); circle (Lat circŭlus ) .
XIV XVI .. , , , , . , , , . : admonition, ablution, acid, act, beatitude, benediction, caption, cassation, censure, conception, collision, consent, defect, dial, effect, emolument, election, fate, formula, fraction, idea, imitation, illusion, lapse, locution, magnanimity, margin, medium, meditation, memory, militia, necessity, salvation, torture, use, vehicle, velocity, vicar, vortex; : to abhor, to absolve, to acquiesce, to add, to addict, to adopt, to castigate, to celebrate, to describe, to collect, to collide, to comprehend, to convince, to decorate, to deliberate, to despond, to discriminate, to emerge, to elect, to elevate, to expel, to frustrate, to illuminate, to litigate, to neglect, to salute, to tolerate; : abject, absent, absolute, accurate, beneficial, deficient, desolate, direct, efficient, equal, fatal, finite, future, humane, igneous, illiterate, immediate, immaculate, jovial, juridical, latent, literary, lunar, major, malignant, manual, neutral, solar, torpid, turbid, vernacular, voluptuous.
, . (. ).
. church Gk. kuriakon . , . - . : angel (Lat angelus < Gk aggelōs ); anthem (Lat antiphona < Gk antiphona ); apostle (Lat apostolus < Gk apōstolos ); bishop (Lat episcopus < Gk episcopos ); devil (Lat diabolus < Gk diābolos , ); martyr (Lat martyr < Gk mārtur ); idea (Lat idea < Gk idēa , ); epic (Lat epicus < Gk pikōs epos , , ); comedy (Lat comoedia < Gk cōmōdia ); lyre (Lat lyra < Gk lyra ); scene (Lat scena < Gk skēnē , ); priest (Lat presbyter < Gk presbyterōs ).
-: fantasy (Fr < Lat phantasia idea, notion < Gk phantasia appearance of a thing); catalogue (Fr catalogue < Lat catalogus < Gk katalogos a list, register); chronicle (Fr chronique < Lat chronica < Gk chronika annals).
, , : lexicon (Gk lexicon); myth (Gk mythos a word, speech, story, legend); petal (Gk petalon a leaf); sympathy (Gk sympatheia < syn-, together + pathos feeling); acme (Gk akmē , ); enthusiasm (Gk enthusiasmos ); apathy (Gk a-pathos ); atlas (Gk Atlas, , ); catastrophe (Gk katastrophē ); : gymnastics (Lat < Gk); drama (Lat < Gk drama a deed, drama, tragedy); athlete (Lat athleta < Gk athlētēs contestant of games); : astronomy (Fr astronomie < Lat astronomia < Gk astronomia < astron star + nomos law, system of laws); geography (Fr < Lat geographia < Gk geōgraphia < geō earth + graphein to write); geometry (Fr < Lat geometria < Gk geōmetria < geō the earth + metria measurement); theatre (Fr < Lat theatrum < Gk theatron); tragedy (Lat trageoedia < Gk tragōdia ); idiom (Fr idiome < Lat idioma < Gk idiōma peculiarity); dialect (Fr < Lat dialectus < Gk dialektos discourse, discussion, dialect).
: [k] ch: Christ, character; p s : psychology, psychiatry; [f] ph: alphabet, emphasis; i y: sympathy, physics.
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