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6.4.7. , .
6.4.8. .
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6.5. : (, , ).
6.6. :
:
6.6.1. . . .. , 2004. .116-129.
6.6.2. .., .. ( ). : , 2007. . 142-156.
6.6.3. . . .. .: , 2006. . 219-267.
6.6.4. Ққ .Ө., ұ Ұ.Ә. қ-қ ң -ққ ө. : , 2012. 112 .
:
6.6.5. .. . :.. -, 2007. .51-77.
6.6.6. .., .. . --. 2007. .170-173.
6.6.7. .. . - . 2002. .137-143.
6.7. :
6.7.1. ():
6.7.1.1. .
6.7.1.2. 3 10 .
6.7.1.3.
6.7.2. :
6.7.2.1. .
6.7.2.2 .
6.7.2.3. .
6.7.2.4. :
| 1. | 46,XX,del (5p) | |
| 2. | 46,XY,dup (ll) (ql2) | |
| 3. | 46,XY,inv (10) (pl3ql2 | |
| 4. | 45,XX, rob (14q21q) | |
| 5. | 46,, r (16) | |
| 6. | 46,, t (2;4) (q21;q21) | |
| 7. | 46,/47,,+21 |
6.7.2.5. () .
6.7.2.6. .
6.7.2.7. .
6.7.2.8. :
| - | |
| SOS- |
6.7.3 :
6.7.3.1. ?
6.7.3.2. ?
6.7.3.3. ? ?
6.7.3.4. ?
6.7.3.5. , , .
6.7.3.6. , ?
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:
| - | Ө ғң ә ө ә ң қ | Variability property of living organisms to acquire new characteristics under the influence of environmental factors |
| () - | (қ)ө-қ ң ә қ құң ө ң ө | Phenotypic (odification) variability - hanges in phenotype due to the influence of external environmental factors without changing the structure of genotype |
| . | ң ғ ә ң ө | Phenocopies changes of phenotype due to the influence of adverse environmental factors. |
| - , . | ү ң ң өң . | Genocopies - the same changes of phenotype controlled by alleles of different genes. |
| - (), . | қ ң қ ғ ү ә ұққ ө () | Morphosis- non-hereditary changes (modifications) caused by environmental factors that are extreme or unusual for a species |
| () , . | ұққ ө () ң ң ө қ, қ ө ұқ | Hereditary (genotypic) variability appears to change the genotype of the individual, therefore, is transmitted by sexual reproduction descendants. |
| , () . | ө - ғ ң ң ү ү ұқ ө | Combinative variability - is the variability of offspring due to the appearance of new combinations of the genes of parents. |
| - | қ ң ұқ ө | Mutation persistent change of genetic material |
| - , . () ( ) | . ғ ә | Mutagenic factors factors causing mutation. Distinguish natural and artificial (human-induced) mutagenic factors |
| ң Қ ғ қ ү қ қ қ | Reparation the ability of cells to correct damages and breaks in DNA molecules | |
| , | ү ә ә ө қ ң ғ Қ-ғ ө | Pyrimidine dimers -DNA defect that occurs due to the formation of a covalent bond between two adjacent pyrimidine bases under the action of ultraviolet rays |
| á , -. | ә ә Қ-ғ өң ө қ ә қ | Fotoreaktivátsiya -one of the recovery mechanisms visible light of DNA damage caused by UV radiation. |
| қ - Қғ қғ ң ә Қ ң қ қ қ | Exisional reparation - reparation chacterising by removing of damaged nucleotides of DNA with subsequent restoration of the normal structure of the molecule of DNA | |
| , | қғ қғ Қ қ қ | Postreplicative reparation reparation of damages of DNA revealed after replication |
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9
6.1. : :
6.2. : .
6.3. : , .
6.4. :
1. .
2. : , ,
