6.7.1.1.
6.7.1.2. 3 10
6.7.1.3.
6.7.2. .
6.7.2.1.
6.7.2.2.
6.7.2.3. : -
6.7.2.4. :
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6.7.2.5. :
- 46, 1p2.2,
- 46, XY 3p12, p23,
- 46, XX 9p13, q23,
- 46, 8p11.
6.7.3. :
6.7.3.1. .
6.7.3.2. .
6.7.3.3. , .
6.7.3.4. ,
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6.7.3.5. ?
6.7.3.6. .
6.7.3.7. .
6.7.3.8. .
:
| , (), ; | ә () қ, қ қ құ; | Chromosomes- intracellular structures localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm (mitochondria), carriers of genetic information; |
| , | Қ ә қ ң | hromatin material of chromosomes, consisting mainly from DNA and proteins |
| , : , , . H1/5, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. | қ қ қ қ қ: ғ Қ ң ә қ ү қ : , ә ғ қ. қң ү : H1/5, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. | Histone proteins a big class of nuclear proteins having two main functions: they participate in packaging of DNA chains in the nucleus and epigenetic regulation of nuclear processes, such as transcription, replication and repair. Five types of histones exist H1/5, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. |
| . | қ- қ ққ қ . | Non-histone proteins one of many big groups of acidic nuclear proteins of eukaryotes |
| , , , 4 : 2, 2, 3, 4, 1 | құ 4 ұ қ: 2, 2, 3, 4 ә Қ , ө 1 қ ғ, ү, қ ң ғ (); | Nucleosome compacted level of genetic material represented by globules and DNA, globules include 4 pairs of histonetonic proteins: H2A, H2B, H3, H4 connected by histone H1 |
| - , . | - ғ, Қ ө. | Linker region of DNA between nucleosomes. |
| , , | қ ү , ұ, қ; | Euchromatin lightcolor part of chromosome, containing genes; |
| , , , , | -үң ү , қ, ө қ қ ұ, ң ұ ә ң қ, қ; | Heterochromatin dark color part of chromosome, consites from repetitive sequences, localized in centromere and end parts ofchromosome |
| - . | -ң ә ң қ. | Constitutiveheterochromatin localized in pericentromeric and telomeric regions of chromosomes. |
| - - , , . | -ң - ң ғ, ң ң ү ғ. | Facultative heterochromatin one of two X chromosomes of human, tightly packed and located near nuclear membrane as Barr bodies seen at the interphase stage. |
| үң ң қ ғң қ ә қ | Karyotype quantitative and morphological characteristic of diploid set of chromosomes of certain species | |
| -1960 , . : , , . 23 7 A G. | ң 1960 . ң ғ қ.ұ ң қ : ө, , ң қ . ң 23 ұ - G ғ 7 қ ө. | Denver classification of chromosomes in 1960, the first classification of human chromosomes was accepted, which helped analyzed human karyotypes. It was based on morphological characteristics: size, shape, centromere position. 23 pairs of chromosomes were divided into 7 groups A to G. |
| 1971 . | - ң ң 1971 ө ң ә ү ұ. | Paris classification in 1971, based on differential screening maps of human chromosomes linear differentiation were developed in Paris, and a system of their labeling were introduced. |
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6.1. : . . . . -
6.2. : , , , ..
6.3. :
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6.4. :
6.4.1. , , . .
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