10. The children did their homework. Their mother allowed them to watch TV.
11. We had a good rest. Our guests all left.
12. I saw her somewhere. I recognized her.
13. I had a bath. I went to bed.
14. The guests left. I started tidying up.
15. Nobody remained on the ship. The captain left it.
4. Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect.
1. We told her that he... (to buy a TV-set). 2. The man at the station said that the train... (to leave already). 3. Mary told me that she... (not to get a letter from her son yet). She said that she... (not to hear from him for some weeks). 4. He understood that he... (to get off at the wrong station). 5. He said that his parents... (always to live in the country). 6. I didn't know that she... (to change her address). 7. He didn't remember how jt all... (to happen). 8. We were sure that she... (to tell the truth). 9.1 saw that the child... (to catch a cold). 10. She hoped that I... (to pay for the tickets already). 11. When he woke up next morning and looked out of the window he understood that it... (to rain heavily during the night). 12. When we came back, the telegram... (to arrive already). 13. When I got to the station the train... (already to leave). 14. The rain... (already to stop) when we started. 15. When I finished school by elder sister... (to be a teacher for two year). 16. We... (to make all the arrangements already) when we learned that he wouldn't come. 17.1 knew her immediately because my brother... (to describe her to me very well). 18. The militiaman stopped her because she... (to cross the street in the wrong place). 19. I was not hungry because I... (to have lunch just an hour before). 20. Nobody knew when he came in because he... (to enter the house through the back door). 21. I thought he knew English well because he... (to live in England for some years). 22. It happened to him because he... (always to be too sure of himself). 23. As soon as they... (to take a decision) they could discuss less important questions. 24. After we... (to make a fire) it became warm. 25. When I... (to throw out all the old newspapers and magazines), I could arrange my new books nicely on the shelf. 26. After he... (to pay the money for the plane tickets) he had very little left in his pockets. 27.I met her soon after I... (to learn the news). 28. When he... (to finish his work) he went to bed. 29. By three o'clock yesterday he (already, arrange) everything for the trip. 30. Nobody (finish) their course-papers by the appointed time. 31. The authorities (settle) all the transport problems by the end of the last year. 32. The letter still (not arrive) by the end of the week.
5. Write the sentences using the Past Indefinite for one verb in each example, and the Past Perfect for the remaining verb.
1. The result last term (be) better than anyone (expect).
2. What (happen) next was just what everyone (fear).
3. No one (agree; with him. This was something he (not anticipate).
4. They (make) better progress than they ever (dare) to hope for.
5. They (begin) the exploration of a territory that no European ever (set) foot on before.
6. The motorist (discover) to his relief that he (not take) the wrong road after all.
7. The Government (find) itself forced to adopt policies it earlier (reject).
8. When Queen Victoria (die) in 1901, she (reign) for over 60 years.
9. I (write) to the suppliers asking why the goods (not arrive) yet.
10. I (call) at the manager's office, but I just (miss) him. He (go out) for lunch.
11. The scientist suddenly (see) the answer to the problem that (occupy) his mind for the last two months.
12. The Company (decide) to continue with a design that (stand) the test of time.
13. Whenever Tom (pass) the house he remembered the years he (spend) there.
14. She (say) she (hire) a lawyer to watch over her rights.
15. When they (settle) the agenda, the committee (circulate) it to all members of the society.
16. He (refuse) to sign a document until he (clear up) certain points.
6. Combine the sentences as in the model, using adverbs hardly (scarcely)... when, no sooner... than.
Model 1: The train left the station. There was an explosion.
Hardly the train left the station when there was an explosion.
or Hardly had the train left the station when there was an
explosion.
M odel 2: I reached the door. I realized it was locked.
No sooner I had reached the door than I realized it was locked.
1. I watered the garden. Then it began to rain. 2. Mary finished her novel, and then she planned to go abroad. 3. Ann spoke to the doctor. She realized how serious her illness was. 4. The ship left the port. Just then the storm began. 5.1 got into the bath. Someone knocked at the door. 6. They found one missing child. Then another two disappeared. 7. I sat down. There was another knock at the door. 8. I came home. I remembered that I had forgotten to buy bread. 9. The child touched the pillow. He fell asleep. 10. The play started. There was a power failure. 11. The trial proceedings began. The judge was taken ill. 12. The plane took off. The pilot had to make an emergency landing. 13. The train left. I realized I had left my bag on the platform. 14. He began his speech. Someone interrupted him.
7. Put the verbs in brackets into a suitable past tense. Nine verbs are absolutely necessary to use in the Past Perfect.
This time last year I was cycling (cycle) in the rain along a country road in France with a friend of mine. We (decide) to go on a cycling holiday in Normandy. Neither of us (go) to France before, but we (know) some French from our time at school and we (manage) to brush up on the basics. Now we (wonder) if we (make) the right decision. We (plan) our route carefully in advance, but we (forget) one important thing, the weather. It (rain) solidly since our arrival and that night we (end up) sleeping in the waiting room at a railway station. The next morning as we (ride) down a sleep hill my bike (skid) on the wet road and I (fall off). I (realize) immediately that I (break) my arm, and after a visit to the local hospital I (catch) the next train to Calais for the ferry home. Unfortunately my parents (not expect) me home for a fortnight, and (go) away on holiday. So I (spend) a miserable couple of weeks alone, reading Teach Yourself French.
8. Translate the following sentences using the correct tense form.
1. Они сказали, что приехали сюда на поезде. 2. Все знали, что они дружат с детства. 3. Мы сказали, что ещё не решили этот вопрос. 4. По радио объявили, что поезд уже прибыл. 5. Он писал, что погода там пасмурная с первого сентября. 6. Сосед по купе сказал, что мы уже проехали мост. 7. Когда поезд тронулся, я понял, что сел не на тот поезд. 8. Врач сказал, что ребёнок простудился. 9. Когда я нашёл их дом, уже стемнело. 10. Когда они пришли на собрание, мы уже обсудили первый вопрос. 11. Когда врач пришёл, они уже увезли ребёнка в больницу. 12. Когда я вернулся из театра, гости уже разошлись (ушли). 13. Когда она приехала в деревню, мы жили там уже неделю. 14. Когда я вернулся в купе, я понял, что мой сосед уже сошёл. 15. В комнате было холодно, потому что всю ночь было открыто окно. 16. Он был взволнован потому, что получил телеграмму из дому. 17. Она получила плохую оценку на экзамене потому, что сделала очень много ошибок. 18. Он не хотел обедать у нас потому, что уже поел в институте. 19. Ему не хватило денег до конца месяца, потому что сн купил велосипед. 20. Пассажиры очень устали, потому что они не спали всю ночь. 21. К концу декабря в прошлом семестре я уже сдал все экзамены. 22. Не успел я зайти в дом, как принесли телеграмму. 23. Едва я сварила кофе, как отключили электричество. 24. Едва я успел сделать домашнее задание, как ко мне пришёл друг.
9. Read the following short story. Pay attention to the usage of the Past Perfect.
After I had sent children to school I went to the market. It was still early when I returned home, so I decided to make some tarts. Hardly had I begun mixing butter and flower when the telephone rang. My hands had already been covered with sticky pastry and nothing could have been more annoying. I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs Bates. It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone and on the doorknobs. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter.
1. Retell the story in the third person.
2. Tell about your embarrassing experience you have had using the Past Perfect.
10. Read the following short story and work out the order in which the guests arrived at the party.
By the time I got to Paula and Bob's party, Rob had left ages ago. Pat and Peter were late as usual. Barbara and Tim had just arrived, and Simon, who had been there for ages, was serving them with some things to nibble. Tony was already a bit tipsy, and was picking quarrels with anyone who'd listen. Apparently that's why Rob had left. He had hardly taken his coat off when Tony started going on at him, so he just upped and left. When Angela had seen Tony arriving, she told Simon to keep an eye on how much he had to drink. Angela had got there early to help Paula, and was busy in the kitchen. When I asked Jim and Chris what Tony had said to Rob, they couldn't tell me because they hadn't heard anything. They didn't even know that Rob had been there. They had arrived soon after Simon, and had been stuck in conversation with Bob ever since. I opened the door to let in Alice, so she and I settled down for a good chat and a gossip about Pat and Peter before they arrived. All in all it was quite a good party.
The Future Perfect
The Future Perfect Tense is formed will the auxiliary verbs will / shall + Perfect Infinitive for the first person, will + Perfect Infinitive for the other persons.
The Future Perfect is used:
1. to denote an action that will be completed before a definite time in the future. It is normally used with a time expression beginning with by: by that time, by then, by the end of next year, not... till, until, etc.
/'// have written the report by tonight.
I won't have retired till the year 2010.
Don't phone after 11.00 because I'll have gone to bed by then.
2. instead of the Future Perfect Continuous with verbs not admitting the Continuous form.
By the time you come back, he'll have been here for the two
hours.
NOTE: only the Future Perfect is used for a completed action in future when quantity is mentioned.
By the end of my university course I'll have attended 1.200
lectures.
Practice
1. Complete the following sentences using the Future Perfect Tense.
1. By the time he arrives they... (leave).
2. She is ill now. By the first of April she... (be in hospital for three weeks).
3. He has bought this TV-set on credit. He... (pay) all the money by the 21st of August.
4. How long has she stayed with your family? By the end of the month she... (stay) for a month.
5. She has lived here a long time. By May she... (live) for twenty years.
6. He is still a schoolboy, but by this time next year he... (leave school).
7. We (finish) this exercise by 8 o'clock.
8. We are late. The lesson (start) by now.
9. They (build) the road by the end of the year.
10. I forgot to ask a neighbour to look after the plants while we're away on holiday! When we get home they all (die).
11. By the end of my university course I (attend) 1,200 lectures.
12. When you come back I (finish) all the housework.
13. In a fortnight's time we (take) our exam.
14. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening.
15. By this time tomorrow we (have) our injections.
16. By the end of next year I (be) here twenty-five years.
17. I'll still be here next summer but Tom (leave).
18. I (finish) this job in twenty minutes.
19. By next winter they (build) four houses in that field.
20. At the rate he is going he (spend) all his money by the time he is twenty-one.
21. The train (leave) before we reach the station.
22. If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month.
23. By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend) £25,000 on his education.
24. By the end of the term I (read) all twelve volumes.
25. I'm going to Hyde Park to hear the people making speeches. - You'll be too late. By the time you get there they (finish) their speeches and everybody (go) home.
2. Make up short dialogues according to the model.
Model: A: It'll take you ages to paint all these chairs, won't it?
B: No, I'll have painted them all by the end of the week.
It'll take you (them, us, her, him) ages to..., won't it?
1. paint all the doors
2. rewire all the rooms
3. wash all the curtains
4. repaper the top rooms
5. varnish all the woodwork
6. replace all these tiles
7. polish all this silver
8. pick all these apples
9. reach the station
10. make a report
11. build a bridge
12. demolish our old library
13. write a letter
14. join the club
15. change the time-table
16. file the copies
3. Use the given verbs in the Future Perfect.
Mary is very ambitions. These are the things she believes she will have done by the time she's forty. Write down about the things you'll have done by the time you are thirty.
Model: buy a Rolls Royce -» /'// have bought a Rolls Royce.
1. become a multi-millionaire
2. have my own computer business
3. move to California
4. buy a mansion in Beverly Hills
5. join a highly exclusive tennis club
6. marry a handsome actor
7. earn over $2,000,000
8. give up smoking
9. have two children
10. learn Japanese
4. Answer the questions using the Future Perfect.
Model: Has he spent the money his father left him? (he lives so extravagantly, by next year).
- Not yet, but he lives so extravagantly that he'll have spent it all by next year.
1. Has he already returned? (by the end of the month).
2. Has she ended her lecture-tour? (by the end of the week).
3. Have they finished their preliminary training? (in two months' time).
4. Have you done your packing? (come back in an hour, by then).
5. Have you taken your exams? (by the end of December).
6. Have they built any houses in that area? (by next winter, four houses).
7. Have you filed all the copies? (by the end of the working day, all of them).
8. Have all the guests come? (by the time you get there, all of them).
9. Have the children come home from school? (they, before she leaves for work).
10. Have you finished the report? (by the end of the day).
5. Translate into English using the Future Perfect where it is necessary.
1. Я полагаю, что мы решим этот вопрос к концу сентября. 2. К тому времени, как он придёт, все разъедутся. 3. Когда ему исполнится 23, он закончит институт. 4. Завтра к 4 часам мы пересечём Атлантический океан. 5. Я закончу всю домашнюю работу, когда ты вернёшься. 6. К концу этого месяца 5000 человек посетят выставку. 7. Если я буду продолжать диету, я похудею на 10 килограммов к концу месяца. 8. Мы закончим ремонт вашей машины к завтрашнему утру. Она будет готова в 11 часов. 9. Если мы не поспешим, то собрание уже начнётся к тому времени, когда мы доберёмся туда. 10. Ты думаешь, что он уже приедет домой к тому времени, как мы прибудем?
6. Put the verbs in brackets in the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect.
Flying junk
By the middle of the 21st century we (build) will have built space stations which (circle)... the earth and (probably circle) -..the moon, too. We (establish)... bases on planets like Mars.
At present, we use radar to "watch" nearly 8,000 objects in space. In addition, there are at least 30,000 bits of rubbish from the size of marbles to the size of basket balls flying round the earth. These (increase)... in number by the year 2050 and (orbit)... the earth. All these bits and pieces are watched by NORAD (North American Radar Defence Command). NORAD (have)... more and more rubbish to watch as the years go by Some bits fall back to earth, like the Russian satellite C954 which crashed in the Northern Territories of Canada in 1978 Crashing junk could give us a bad headache. Most of the stuff (stay)... up there (we hope)! The sad fact is that we who are alive today (not clear up)... our own junk tomorrow. Perhaps we (just watch)... from some other (safe) place as it goes round and round the earth!
