.
(Raymond Cattell) . , , , . , , .
, . (inductive method), . - (hypothetical-deductive method) . , - , , . , , , , (factor analysis) , , , .
, , . , ... ... , , (Cattell, 1950, . 2-3).[32]
, , . , , , , , , . , , (Cattell, 1993, . 110).
.
(Raymond Bernard Cattell) 20 1905 , . , , . , , .
, , , , , , . : , , , , (Cattell, 1974, . 63).
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1921 , 16 , . , , . , , , , . 1929 , . , (Charles Spearman), , 1904 , .
, -, , 1932 , , . , , , , , . 1937 , , .
, . (E. L. Thorndike) . . , , , , , . , , , , . , .
, . , , , . , , , 30 . , . , 1949 (IPAT), , , , , .
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1973 , , . , . .
, , (IPAT) .
. Description and measurement of Personality ( , 1946), Personality: A systematic, theoretical and factual study (: , 1950), The scientific analysis of personality ( , 1965), The inheritance of personality and ability ( , 1982). Personality and motivation structure and measurement ( , 1957).
, , , - , . .
. , , , 1930 1960 . , , , , , , : , , . 1993 , , (Cattell, 1993, . 108).
.
, (factor analysis), 1905 .
. - , , , , , , . . , ( ) . ( ) . . , , . , , . , , . , .
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. , , . , , , . , . , , . , , , .
(factor loading) , . , , , , , , . .
, , , (rotate) . , , (orthogonal rotation), , . , (oblique rotation).
, , 90. , . , , , , , , .
, , ( ), . (high-order factors)., , , , , .
, , , . (unipolar traits) . (bipolar traits), , , . /, /, /.
.
, (1950, . 2). ? (source traits), . (surface traits). , , .
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(Allport & Odbert, 1936) , 4500 , . . 4500 , , . , , .
, . , , . , , ( ) , - (Cattell, 1950, . 175).
, (common), , (unique), . . (temperament), (motivational) (ability).
, , (Thurstone) , . R-mexu, - dR-. , . , L-, Q- T-.
.
. L-. , L(T)-, , , L(R)-. , L(T)-, , , L(R)-.
, Q-, , , , - , , . , , Q-. Q- , , , . Q-, , , Q-.
T-, , , , . , , , , , , , , .
L, Q T- , , . , , , (1957, 19791980) , , , , , , L- Q-.
, , , , .