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317


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318


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320


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, .

, XVI ., - . 1524 . (Leonard ) "The Arte or Crafte of Rhetonque".

: 1560 . "Treatise on Schemes and Tropes" (Richard Sherry); 1563 . "Foundacion of Rhetoryke" (Richard Rainold); 1577 . (Henry Peachem) ,

21 323 321


"Garden of Eloquence". (Dudley Fenner, 1584), (Abraham Fraunce, 1588) .

(Thomas Wilson) "Arte of Rhetorique," 1553 . , : , .

:

There are three manners of stiles of enditinges, the great or mightie kinde, when we use greate wordes, or vehement figures. The small kinde, when wee moderate our heate by meaner wordes... The lowe kinde, when we use no Metaphores nor translated wordes,... but goe plainly to worke and speake altogether in common wordes.1

, XVI , .

, .2 , , , , . ., .

, XVI , . , , , , . (., , debt, doubt .). . -

1 . G. H. Macknight. "Modern English in the Making" N.Y.D. Appleton & Company, 1930, . 129 130.

2 . .

322


.

, . . , , . . , . , (, to come about = ; to come behind = ; come by = ; to come upon = .).

. . , . "Modern English in the Making" , "deep": deep-divorcing; deep-premediated; deep-searched; deep-sore; deep-sweet; deep-wounded; deep-brain'd.

. . -, , ecstasy : 1. rapture, delight; 2. frenzy; 3. swoon.

He . , , to repent : repent at, repent for, repent over, repent in, repent of.

, , , , say nothing neither, , , , to speak plain; she is exceeding wise .

323


. , . . , , , ; , , .

XVI , , . , "Inkhorn terms" ( , , ). . XVI (Aschom), (Cheke), (Wilson). .

, , , , , , . : "Spencer in affecting the Ancients writ no language." , .

XVI . . 1568 (Thomas Smith) (John Hart), .

. , .

324


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XVI . , , , . XVI ., , . . , .

, . . .

, XVII . , XVI . , , , ... ... . XVI , ... , (XVII . .,) , ... .

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325


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, .

inkhorn terms , , . , . - . , .1

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1664 , , . .

. , , , .

1 XVII . . . . XVI XVII .. , 5, 1956 .

326


, . , , , , .

, . (John Wallis), 1653 . "Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae." , . , .

XVIII XIX .

, XVII , XVIII , .

XVIII , .

. pozz positive, rep reputation. :

, , . , , , , , , , , ( ), ; ,

327


, , .1

, , , , . , , .2

, "A Proposal for the Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue" , , , . , , . , , . . , , , , , , .

, XVIII , . (Thomas Stackhouse) : "Reflections on the Nature and Property of Language in General, on the Advantages Defects, and Manner of Improving the English Tongue in Particular."

1 The Works of Jonathan Swift in 19 volumes. Vol. IX, p. 353. Edinburgh. 1824.

2 , , , , . , II (n- ry Cecil Wyld. A History of Modern Colloquial English. London, 1925, p. 160 161).

328


, , XVIII , . , , , , . .

, XVIII . , . .

, , , , , .

1711 1712 . 3 , .

: "A Grammar of the English Tongue... adapted to the use of Gentlemen and Ladies, as well as of the schools of Great Britain."

, , , ... , , . , (Lane) (Wallis), , , , , .

(James Greenwood) : "An Essay towards a Practical English Grammar" :

329


1) ; 2) .

.

, , (Michael Mattaire). : "The English Grammar: or, an Essay in the Art of Grammar, Applied to and Exemplified in the English Tongue."

. , , . ,

. . , . .

, XVIII XIX . , (Lindley Murray), 1795 . "English Grammar". . , .

, , XVII XVIII . , , , ,

330


. , .

, , , XVIII . , , ; , , ; , .

XVIII .

XVIII . , , 1753 . , , .

. . . , , . .

XVIII ., - .1

. ,

1 . .

331


, , , .

. . , , - , . - . - , .1

. . : , , XVIII . , . , , , , . , . , .2

1 . , 205-206

2 . . . -, 1952, 5, , . 43.

332


XVIII , - : . , , : , , , , . XVIII . - , , , , - , XVIII .

XIX - . , , . , , - . , , , , , , . ( ) , (., , ).

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, - , .

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334


. , . , - , , , .

. . . . XIX .

, , . . XIV XV ).

, English, Inglis. , , , . . . , , - .

XIX . . , ,

335


.

- , . , , , ,

XIX , , , , .

. X. (L. H. Hunt) "A Syntax of the English Language." , .

(1823 .) (W. Cobbet) "Grammar of the English Language." , . XIX , XX . , , -, . , , . . , XVIII , .

, XIX . , : (Jeremiah Greenleaf), (Goold Brown), (Roswell Smith) (Samuel Kirkham). .

(Walter Savage Landor).

336


"to stop innovations and to diminish the anomalies of our language", .. . , , "execute" , . , XV .

"rewrite." , re- .

, , ( ) - . , talented, influential, gentlemanly. , , Present Continuous Passive XIX , , XVIII . , (De Quincey) , Present Continuous Passive "... means nothing, and is the most incongruous combination of words that ever attained respectable usage in any civilized language."

.

, . (Macaulay), XIX , Present Continuous Passive.

XIX "had rather" "had better". , , , XVIII .

337


, XVI VII , XVIII , XIX . .

XIX . , , , . , , , , , . , (, , ) , , . , . . - . , , , , . , , , , .

(XIX .) , , .

, XIX : , XVII XVIII

338


: ) , (), ) ( ).

XIX , , - . . , , , , . XIX , , , . ( . ).

XIX . - . , , : category, predicament, individuality, procrastination, speaking diplomatically.

, - . , , .

XIX , , . ó .

XIX XX .

339


, , , . , , .

, , , , , . , . , , , , .

XX 3 4 . XIX XX . . -ism, -ist, -ise (-ize) ; , , , - - .

, , . - .

, ,

340


, . . , , .

. .






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