.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





1. , .

a) the b)

1. I went to France last year, but I havent been to Netherlands yet.

2. I live in Tverskaya Street.

3. Thames flows through London.

4. United Kingdom includes Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

5. USA is fourth largest country in world after Russia, Canada and Republic of China.

6. English Channel is between Great Britain and France.

7. Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London.

8. When a student, Tom spent two years in Africa.

9. Houses of Parliament have over 1,000 rooms and 2 miles of corridors.

10. Where is Johns raincoat?

11. Pacific is the largest ocean on our planet.

12. Ive made up my mind to go to Black Sea next summer.

13. Urals are old and not very high.

 

2. , .

a) a b) the c)

1. as result 14. to play football

2. in demand 15. in conclusion

3. to tell truth 16. at time

4. to be at loss 17. to be in hurry

5. once week 18. from time to time

6. as matter of fact 19. by mistake

7. in loud voice 20. other day

8. at first sight 21. at sunset

9. day before yesterday 22. to watch TV

10. after lunch 23. to listen toradio

11. twice day 24. to be in bed

12. in fact 25. for example

13. to have good time 26. to take seat

 

3. , .

a) a b) an c) the d)

1. Please clean blackboard.

2.. good books have good examples.

3. I must go to bank and post office.

4. Its as cold as ice.

5. Which is longer: Volga or Danube?

6. news that you brought was great shock.

7. Is Everest highest mountain in world?

8. weather was fine, and we decided to take walk.

9. They say sugar is bad for you.

10. He went to prison to visit his son.

11. This school has quite large campus.

12. Statue of Liberty was presented as gift by people of France to people of United States.

13. sun rises in east and sets in west.

14. Loch Ness is lake in Scotland.

15. English are very proud of their history.

16. Is Malta in Mediterranean?

17. They are looking for man with long dark hair. He is armed and dangerous.


Lesson 4

 

, , :

a round table
roundtables
a youngman
a youngwoman
an oldworker
an oldworker's son

. (the positive degree), (the comparative degree) (the superlative degree).

, , .

- -est [ist] . , , the:

cold colder the coldest (day)

more most .

dangerous more dangerous the most dangerous (thing)

:

) :

short shorter the shortest

) , - , -, -le,-ow:

heavy heavier the heaviest
clever cleverer the cleverest
simple simpler the simplest
narrow narrower the narrowest

) :

polite politer the politest
severe severer the severest

( ), , , - , -er, -ie, -ow:

difficult moredifficult the mostdifficult
famous more famous the most famous

. , -, -est, , , .

good , bad :

good better the best
bad worse the worst

old far :

old older, elder the oldest, the eldest
far farther, further the furthest, the farthest

elder eldest , ' (my elder brother ), than , older, elder (he is three years older than his sister).

farther further , , further, , , .

4.1

1. .

Big, heavy, short, dirty, clean, near, bad, famous, little, much, clever, good, expensive, cheap, important, pale, hot, beautiful, large, practical, fat, early, pretty, happy, bright, dark, dry, flat, fresh, full, quick, late, nice, rich, sad, thin, thick, wet, weak, funny, easy, lazy, ugly, comfortable, quiet, far.

2. , .

Sue's car isn't very big. She wants a bigger car.

This house isn't very modern. I prefer more modern...houses.

1. You're not very tall. Your brother is....

2. Bill doesn't work very hard. I work....

3. My chair isn't very comfortable. Yours is.....

4. Jill's idea wasn't very good. My idea was....

5. These flowers aren't very nice. The blue ones are.....

6. My case isn't very heavy. Your case is....

7. I'm not very interested in art. I'm... in history.

8. t isn't very warm today. It was... yesterday.

9. These tomatoes don't taste very good. The other ones tasted .

10. Britain isn't very big. France is....

11. London isn't very beautiful. Paris is....

12. This knife isn't very sharp. Have you got a... one?

13. People today aren't very polite. In the past they were....

3. , .

1. This building is very old. It's .... the oldest building ... in the town.

2. It was a very happy day. It was... of my life.

3. It's a very good film. It's... I've ever seen.

4. She's a very popular singer. She's... in our country.

5. It was a very bad mistake. It was... I've ever made.

6. It's a very pretty village. It's... I've ever seen.

7. It was a very cold day. It was... of the year.

8. He's a very interesting person. He's... I've ever met.

4. , .

1. Which is (long) day of the year? 2. Winter is (cold) season. 3. Moscow is (large) than St. Petersburg. 4. My friend's car is not so (new) as my car. 5.Where is it (beautiful), in the mountains or near the sea? 6. It was (good) meal I've ever had. 7. It was (bad) cold I've ever had. 8. In spring the days are (long) than in winter. 9 It is (cold) today than it was yesterday. 10. The Russian grammar is (difficult) than the English one. 11. The Caucasus are (high) mountains in Europe. 12. Friendship is (strong) than steel. 13. (Long) day has an end. 14. Health is (good) than wealth.

5. , .

1. Oil is (light) than water. 2. We shall wait for a (dry) day to go on the excursion. 3. A bus is (fast) than a tram. 4. Take some of these sweets: they are very (nice). They are (nice) than the sweets in that box. 5. He clearly did not like the explanation, and as he listened to it, became (angry) and (angry). 6. He worked hard and (hard) as the end of the term came nearer. 7. The (tall) trees in the world grow in California. 8. Please be (careful) next time and dont spill the milk again. 9. Bobby was a (quiet) child. He was (quiet) than his sister. 10. Her eyes are (gray) than mine. 11. He was the (fat) man in the village. 12. As he went on, the box became (heavy) and (heavy).13. My sister is the (tall) girl in her class. 14. Who is the (attentive) student in your group? 15. It is autumn. Every day the air becomes (cold), the leaves (yellow). 16. This is the (beautiful) view I have ever seen in my life. 17. Your handwriting is now (good) than it was last year; but still it is not so (good) as Nicks handwriting. Nick has a (good) handwriting than you. And of course, Nellie has the (good) handwriting of all.

6. , .

1. The Trans-Siberian railway is (long) in the world. 2. The twenty-second of December is the (short) day of the year. 3. Iron is (useful) of all metals. 4. The Neva is (wide) and (deep) than the Moskva River. 5. Elbrus is the (high) peak in the Caucasian mountains. 6. His plan is (practical) than yours. 7. His plan is (practical) of all. 8. This room is (small) than all the rooms in the house.

9. London is the (large) city in England. 10. Silver is (heavy) than copper. 11. Our house is (low) than yours. 12. This exercise is (good) than the last one. 13. My cigarettes are (bad) than yours. 14. Yesterday was the (hot) day we have had this summer. 15. When the war ended, the reconstruction of Moscow was resumed on a (large) scale than before. 16. The Battle of Stalingrad was the (great) battle of all times.

4.2 ϳ

1. .

 

1. She speaks in a () voice than the last time.

a) the loudest; b) more loud; c) louder; d) loud.

2. They leave () way they can.

a) quick; b) quicker; c) more quick; d) the quickest.

3. A whale is () than a dolphin.

a) longer; b) more long; c) long; d) the longest.

4. The three musicians play on () stage.

a) new; b) newer; c) the newest; d) more new.

5. Is it () to go there by car or by train?

a) more cheaper; b) the cheapest; c) cheaper; d) cheap.

6. This is () problem she has ever had.

a) great; b) more great; c) the greatest; d) greater.

7. Do you know that the Dead Sea is a () sea?

a) salty; b) saltier; c) the saltiest; d) more salty.

8. My case isnt very ().

a) heavier; b) the heaviest; c) heavy; d) the most heavy.

9. Your case is ().

a) heavy; b) heavier; c) the most heavy; d) more heaviest.

10. The weather was not very good yesterday, but it` s () today.

a) good; b) the best; c) better; d) goodder.

11. Of the two skirts, that one is the ().

a) smart; b) smartest; c) smarter; d) most smarter.

12. I` m not so () as a horse.

a) stronger; b) strongest; c) strong; d) the most strong.

13. China has got () population in the world.

a) larger; b) more largest; c) the largest; d) large.

14. Of the three girls, this one is the ().

a) pretty; b) more pretty; c) prettiest; d) prettier.

 

2. .

 

1. These trousers are too small. I need () size.

a) the largest; b) more large; c) large; d) larger.

2. Which is ( ) five, fifteen or fifty?

a) little; b) less; c) the least; d) littler.

3. Susan is () person in the whole world.

a) wonderful; b) wonderfuller; c) more wonderful; d) the most wonderful.

4. He is also a ( ) person than Paul.

a) polite; b) politer; c) more polite; d) the most polite.

5. She has () job of all.

a) the most difficult; b) more difficult; c) difficult; d) difficulter.

6. I think dogs are ( ) than cats.

a) clever; b) the most clever; c) more clever; d) the cleverest.

7. Dont talk about them. Let` s talk about something ( )

a) interesting; b) more interesting; c) the most interesting; d) more interest.

8. Money is important, but it isnt ()thing in life.

a) important; b) importantest; c) the most important; d) more important.

9. I suppose you know him well probably () than anybody else.

a) better; b) the best; c) good; d) more good.

10. This room is not so () as that one on the first floor.

a) more comfortable; b) comfortable; c) the most comfortable;

d) more comfortabler.

11. He spoke English () than expected.

a) bad; b) worst; c) worse; d) badder.

12. Happiness is ( ) than money.

a) important; b) the most important; c) more important; d) importanter.

13. I can` t understand what you are saying. Could you speak a bit ()?

a) the loudest; b) more loud; c) loud; d) louder.

14. My mother was feeling tired last night so she went to bed () than usual.

a) early; b) earlier; c) the earliest; d) more early.

 

3. .

 

1. The more you study, the () you will become.

a) smarter; b) smart; c) the smartest; d) more smarter.

2. The weather is much () today.

a) badder; b) the worst; c) worse; d) bad.

3. A train is the ( ) place to sleep in.

a) uncomfortable; b) more uncomfortable; c) most uncomfortable;

d) uncomfortabler.

4. Nick looks () than his elder brother.

a) old; b) more old; c) older; d) the oldest.

5. Watermelons are () than lemons.

a) sweeter; b) sweet; c) the sweetest; d) more sweet.

6. Einstein is one of the () scientists who ever lived.

a) intelligent; b) intelligenter; c) most intelligent; d) more intelligent.

7. Flying is much () than traveling by car.

a) fast; b) faster; c) more fast; d) fastest.

8. My bag is () than yours.

a) cheap; b) more cheap; c) cheaper; d) the cheapest.

9. February is the () month in the year.

a) shortest; b) short; c) shorter; d) more short.

10. Moscow is () than our city.

a) more large; b) the largest; c) larger; d) large.

11. Our flat is ( ) than yours.

a) the most comfortable; b) comfortabler; c) more comfortable;

d) comfortable.

12. The Russian language is () than English language.

a) difficult; b) difficulter; c) more difficult; d) the most difficult.

13. Petrov is () than Ivanov.

a) young; b) younger; c) more younger; d) the most young.

14. Ann Smirnova is the () pupil in the class.

a) good; b) better; c) the best; d) gooder.

4. .

1. This is the ()summer we have ever had.

a) hottest; b) hotter; c) hot; d) more hot.

2. She was () girl in the school.

a) popular; b) popularer; c) the most popular; d) more popular.

3. She is () now than she was last year.

a) happier; b) happy; c) more happier; d) the most happy.

4. This exercise is () than the last one.

a) difficulter; b) the most difficult; c) more difficult; d) difficult.

5. The Pacific is () ocean in the world.

a) large; b) larger; c) the largest; d) the most large.

6. Clare is () than Mike.

a) the oldest; b) more old; c) older; d) old.

7. My () daughter is married.

a) the eldest; b) more old; c) elder; d) old.

8. Everest is () mountain in the world.

a) high; b) higher; c) the highest; d) the most high.

9. Modern furniture is () in design than old-fashioned furniture.

a) more simple; b) the most simple; c) simple; d) simpler.

10. It` s () to wash clothes with an automatic washing machine than by hand.

a) easier; b) easy; c) easiest; d) more easy.

11. A big house is usually () than a small one.

a) expensive; b) more expensive; c) expensiver; d) the most expensive.

12. This tent is () than the one you sent before.

a) large; b) larger; c) the largest; d) more large.

13. A detached house is () than a flat.

a) bigger; b) big; c) the biggest; d) more big.

14. Nothing can be () than a swim on a hot day.

a) nice; b) nicer; c) the most nice; d) more nice.

5. .

1. A first-floor flat is () than a top-floor flat.

a) convenient; b) convenienter; c) the most convenient;

d) more convenient.

2. Half a loaf is () than no bread.

a) better; b) the best; c) good; d) goodder.

3. The weather was () yesterday than it is today.

a) bad; b) badder; c) the worst; d) worse.

4. The doctors house was the () in the street.

a) old; b) more old; c) the oldest; d) older.

5. Venice is () city I have ever visited.

a) unusual; b) unusualer; c) more unusual; d) the most unusual.

6. That was the () film I have watched for years.

a) most interesting; b) more interesting; c) interesting; d) interestinger.

7. Young Mary is becoming () every day.

a) more pretty; b) the most pretty; c) pretty; d) prettier.

8. A Rolls-Royce is one of the () cars in the world.

a) expensive; b) expensiver; c) the most expensive; d) more expensive.

9. Who is () man in this town?

a) the oldest; b) old; c) older; d) the most old.

10. She was () woman I have ever met.

a) the wisest; b) wiser; c) wise; d) more wise.

11. The Sahara Desert is one of () of the worlds deserts.

a) hotter; b) more hot; c) the hottest; d) hot.

12. The coach thinks that Mike is () player of the tennis team.

a) skillful; b) skillfuller; c) more skillful; d) the most skillful.

13. He is () driver I have ever seen.

a) the worst; b) worse; c) bad; d) badder.

14. John is a good violonist but he is not () than James.

a) good; b) more good; c) better; d) the best.


Lesson 5

 

 
 
: The Numeral  

 


˲

 

(cardinal numerals) (ordinal numerals).

ʳ (simple), (derived) (composite). 1 12, 100, 1,000 1,000,000:

1 one 9 nine

2 two 10 ten

three 11 eleven

4 four 12 twelve

5 five 100 a (one) hundred

6 six 1,000 a (one) thousand

7 seven 1,000,000 a (one) million

8 eight

, . 13 19 .

ʳ 13 19 -teen , (13, 15, 18) -teen :

three [θ:] thir teen (13)

four fourteen (14)

five [faıv] fif teen ['fif ti:n] (15)

six sixteen (16)

seven seventeen (17)

eight [eıt] eigh teen ['ei'ti:n] (18)

nine nineteen (19)

13 19 : fifteen ['fif ti:n], nineteen ['nain'ti:n].

, : fifteen ['fifti:n] pencils, nineteen ['nainti:n] pages.

13 19 : part fifteen [fif 'ti:n], report nineteen [nain 'ti:n].

-ty , :

two [tu:] twenty ['twenti] (20)

three [θ:] thirty (30)

four forty (40)

five[faıv] fifty ['fiftı](50)

six sixty (60)

seven seventy (70)

eight eighty (80)

nine ninety (90)

, , : twenty ['twentı], forty, eighty ['eıtı].

one hundred, thousand, million :

1,694 ( one) thousand six hundred and ninety-four. hundred, thousand, million - s, :

564 five hundred and sixty-four

8,000 eight thousand

2,000,025 two million and twenty-five

, , -s. of: hundreds of students ; thousands of workers .

, , - th:

four fourth

fifteen fifteenth

five twelve -ve f:

five fifth

twelve twelfth

eight, , [θ], h:

eight eighth

nine -th :

nine ninth

-ty :

sixty sixtieth

ʳ 1 3 :

one first

two second

three third

, , :

twenty-one twenty-first

three hundred and sixty-four three hundred and sixty-fourth

5.1

1. .

3, 13, 30, 4, 14, 40, 5, 15, 50, 8, 18, 80, 12, 100, 226, 705, 1000, 4568, 6008, 75 137, 425 712, 1 306 527, 2 032 678.

2. .

12 1946 . 23 1949 .

31 1950 . 25 1900 .

22 1948 . 20 1950 .

21 1946 . 11 1951 .

3. .

Five, sixth, eleven, sixteen, million, forty-five, thousand, seventeenth, three, twenty-one, thirty, seventy-two, hundred, 3 million, tenth, fifth, eighth.


Lesson 6

 

 
 
: . , , , , . The Pronoun. Personal Pronouns. Possessive Pronouns. Reflexive Pronouns. Demonstrative Pronouns. Indefinite Pronouns. Quantitative Pronouns.

 


6.1

: (the Nominative Case) ' (the Objective Case).

 

'
he she it (, ) we you , they m , him , her , it , , , us , you , , , them ,

he , ( ) : father , boy , cock , .

she , : sister , girl , cow .

it , , baby . it , , :

 

 

The house is large. It is new. . ³.
Take this book. It is good. ³ . .
Eat the apple. It is ripe. . .

you .

:

 

was there yesterday. Bi .

' :

Do you know him? ?
Tell me everything about them. .

ϳ ' . ' .

. , ' :

Who's that It's I. (Dickens) ? .

It's her, I am sure. (Bronte) , .

6.2

: (conjoint) (absolute).

 

my mine , , ,
his his ( )
her hers
its - ( ),
our ours , , ,
your yours , , , , , ,
their theirs , , ,

: my address ; his name '; its windows (., ); our school ; your coat () ; their house .

6.3

-self ( ) -selves ( ) my, your, our, ' him, her, it, them one: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself.

-self, -selves.

䳺 䳺 - (-):

dressed myself. .

:

 

You call yourselfa gentleman. .
told myselfthat it was true. , .
does not like to talk about himself. ³ .

6.4

: this , that , such , the same . this that : these those .

this (those) , , , , , .

that (those) , , , , , .

this that - - :

 

This watch is dear. () .
This is a dear watch. () .
If you need a pen, takethis. , .

, , , :

. This is a desk.

. These are desks.

. That is our house.

To . Those are our houses.

6.5

: who ; what , ; which , ; whose ..

who : (the Nominative Case) who ' (the Objective Case) whom.

who ():

 

Who told you about it? () ?
Who is this girl? ?

³ : This girl is my sister, , , who .

who ' (whom) :

Whomdid you see there? ?
With whom did you live when you were in that town? 3 , ?

' who:

Whodid you see there? ?

who , . who , 䳺- , , :

Who works in that room? ?

who , 䳺-' :

Who is your friend? ?
Who are your friends? ?

what - - :

What are you doing? ?
Whatnewspaper are you reading? ?

what , , . what , , , :

-Whatare you then? - Philosophers. - ? - Գ.
What was my father? ?

which , , ( ...?, ...?).

³ - -:

Whichof them is a doctor? ?
Which of these stories do you like better? ?
Whichmagazine do you want to take? ( ) ?

, , 䳺, . whom who, :

What are you talking about? ?
What are you looking at? ?
Whoare you working for? ?

, , :

Whose bag have you taken? ? ?

6.6

some, any, one, somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything.

some any :

) - :

I've got somestamps. .
Have you any stamps? ?

) - :

Somewore their steel helmets. .
Does any of your engineers know French? - ?
- Have you any stamps? - Yes, I have some. (No, I haven't any.) - ? - , . (ͳ, .)

some, , , , :

There are someshops inour village. .
Somelooked pretty bad. .

some -, :

read it in some magazine. .

some :

Don't forget to buy somebutter. He .

some :

I've read some 50 pages. 50.

any -, -, -. :

Are there any mushrooms? ?

somebody, someone , -; something ; anybody, anyone -; anything - -. . ( ), :

Somebody knocked on the door. .
They did not say anything. .
There was somebody'scoat there. .

some, somebody, someone, something :

) :

There were some old apple trees in his garden. .
I've brought you something. .

) , , , :

Where have you left some of your notes? ?
Why have somepupils gone home? ?
Will you have some more tea? ?
Can I have some more milk? ?

any, anybody, anyone, anything :

) :

Are there any fruit-trees there? ?
don't see anything. .
Did anyone see you going to her room? - , ?
Was anybody here just now? - ?

) , any -; anybody, anyone -; anything -:

You can buy stamps atanypost-office. - .
You can have anything you like. , .

6.7 ʳ

: many, much ,; few, little ; a few, a little , . :

many more most

much more most

few fewer fewest

little less least

ʳ - - .

Many few , . many , few :

There were many studentsin the room. .
Manystay here. .
She has few note-books. .
Manypeople tried toclimbthe mountain but fewreachedthe top of it. , .

much little , . , much little 䳺 :

There is much snowon the ground. .
Muchof what you say is true. , , .
worksvery much. ³ .
havevery littletime. .
She reads littlenow. .

6.8

1. .

1. Let take the books to the library today (she).2. Let translate these sentences into English (we).3. Let stay at home. He is quite ill (he).4. Let introduce myself. My name is Ann (I). 5. Let read the text in class (they). 6. Let learn the poem by heart (she). 7. Let do it himself (he).

2. .

1. I have got interesting books to read.

a) some; b) any.

2. Are there letters for me? There are letters in the letter-box.

a) any; b) no.

3. You may read book you like.

a) any; b) some.

4. Have you got English records at home?

a) no; b) some; c) any.

5. I am interested in information you can give me on this question.

a) some; b) any.

6. There are coat-hangers in the wardrobe.

a) some; b) any.

7. There are not magazines.

a) some; b) any.

8. You have very nice photos here.

a) any; b) some.

9. There is milk in the bottle.

a) some; b) any.

10. There are mistakes in your dictation.

a) any; b) some.

3. much, many, a lot of..

1. I have newspapers in my bag. 2. There are colleges within English universities. 3. He knows languages. 4. There is dust on the furniture. 5. Our teacher knows 6. We walk after school. 7. They dont ask us questions.

4. .

chalk coffee tables pictures cars jam snow dictionaries, pencils magazines dust, grass, exercise-books   little   few   a little   a few

5. .

1. Both my friends like tennis. 2. I met Peter, Nick and some other friends. 3. Neither of my Russian books is translated into English. 4. All my friends came to see me. 5. You can meet him everywhere. 6. Nothing could help him. 7. We looked at ourselves.

6. ᒺ .

1. My friend sends (I) many letters. 2. His brother knows (you) well. 3. I often see (they) in the park. 4. Dont ask (he) about it. 5. Do you know Latin? No, I dont know (it) at all. 6. Sometimes we meet (she) at the Browns. 7. The teachers greet (we) every morning. 8. Your son studies together with (she), doesnt he?

7. , whom, what, whose, which.

1. of you will help me? 2. will help me? 3. is your telephone number? 4. gloves are these? They are mine. 5. way did he go? 6. do you know about him?

8. , .

One day an artist looked out of the window of room and saw an old fisherman going by.thought that the old man would make a good model for a picture. So went out and told the fisherman that he wanted to paint

The man thought about it for a minute and asked: What will you pay me?

Well, will pay two pounds, answered the artist and added as the man still hesitated: Its an easy way to earn two pounds, you see.

Oh, know that, said the man, but am wondering how shall get the paint off afterwards.

9. .

1. Dont play with the knife, you may hurt 2. I hope they enjoy 3. He does not like to talk about. 4. She wrote it 5. I need that book 6. They kept a few books for 7. We must do these exercises myself yourself himself herself themselves ourselves

6.9 ϳ

1. (a, b, c d)

1. I don't want to see you and I will not write to you...!

a) either;

b) nor;

c) neither;

d) or.

2. I didn't realize Mary was a friend of....

a) her;

b) she's;

a) she;

b) hers.

3. You know, I don't like fish very much. ... do I. I hate the very smell of it!

a) neither;

b) so;

c) and;

d) too.

4. I have to buy a new pair of shoes. My old... an absolute write-off.

a) ones are;

b) ones is;

c) one is;

d) one are.

5. A small number of people decided to leave, but... remained seated.

a) another;

b) the other;

c) other;

d) the others.

6. Alice watched her old cat teaching her kittens to wash....

a) themselves;

b) them;

c) they;

d) their.

7. The entire village took part in searching the boy but he was... to be found.

a) anywhere;

b) somewhere;

c) everywhere;

d) nowhere.


Lesson 7

 

 
 
: The preposition

 


 

, .

.

, , , , , .

, on , (), , , .:

The plate is on the table. .
He was here on Monday. A lecture on physics. ³ . .
A lecture on Shakespeare. .
It depends on you. .

, on, in, at, into, for .:

. The map is on the wall.
. met him in the street.
. We were looking at him.
. Translate into English.
. am waiting for her.

䳺 , 䳺 , , :

We were listening to music. .
answered the question. ³ .

 

 





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