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(modal verbs)




 

(can, may, must, ought, shall, should, will, would, need, dare), . to have to be.

, - , , , , , , , .

I can come and see you tomorrow if you like. , .

You must be joking. .

:

, , , ;

, to.

. to be to have ought, to, need dare, to, .

(e) s:

It may be true. , .

to do. :

Can you speak any foreign languages? - ?

May I smoke here? ?

not:

I mustnt (must not) be late. .

. Can not :

cannot (cant) dance. .

: cannot cant, will not wont, could not couldnt, should not shouldnt, would not wouldnt, might not mightnt, ought not oughtnt, must not mustnt, need not neednt, shall not shant, dare darent.

10.1. can

 

can , : can could :

.

My brother can play the piano. .

When I was young, I could run very fast. , .

:

Anybody can make mistakes. .

, ( ).

Can (Could) I take your umbrella, please? ?

You cant go there. .

 

can , can to be able , - . to:

I havent been able to sleep recently. .

Tom might be able to come tomorrow. , , .

 

10.2. may

 

may , : may, might :

, .

I may (might) go to the cinema this evening. . (, .)

, .

It may (might) be true. .

She might not come to the party. .

.

May I come in? ?

, ,

You might be more attentive. .

 

may , may to be allowed , - . to:

We were allowed to use dictionaries. .

 

10.3. must

 

must . , must, :

I must clean the windows. .

I must clean the windows tomorrow. .

must :

, .

You must do something. - .

( ).

I mustnt forget to phone George. .

.

You must keep it secret. .

, .

Carol must get very bored with her job. , , .

must , must to have to to be to, .

 

PS . . 74.


10. 4. to have to

 

to have, , , . , to have . to have to:

His eyesight isnt very good. He has to wear glasses. . .

We had to walk home last night. There was no bus. .

 

to do : Why did you have to go to hospital? ?

to have to have got:

Ive got to get up early. .

Have you got to get up early? I havent got to get up early.

to have got .

 

10.5. to be to

 

to be . to be :

, , , :

The trainis to come at five. 5 .

:

The medicineis to be kept in a cool dark place. .

 

to be :

Was the classto begin at nine? 9 ?

Youre not to come here any more. He .

 

10.6. shall

 

shall , - , - .

Shall I open the window? (=Do you want me to open the window?) ?

Ive got no money. What shall I do?(=What do you suggest?) . ?


10.7. should ought to

 

should ought . . Should to. ought to.

should ought ( , ), , :

I dont think you should (=ought to) work so hard. , .

You shouldnt believe everything you read in the newspapers. , .

Do you think I ought to (=should) apply for this job? ?

 

Perfect Infinitive should ought , , , , , :

It was a great party last night. You should have come. (=You ought to have come.) . .

Im feeling sick. I shouldnt have eaten so much chocolate. . .

 

10.8. need

 

need , . need , . to do to:

Need I say more? - ?

You neednt whisper. Nobody can hear us. . .

 

need -. , , , . to, to do:

Do youneed any money? ?

Youdidn't need to say a lot of nonsense. .


 

(NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB)

 

, , () (Finite Forms of the Verb). () (Non-Finite Forms of the Verb), , , . (the Infinitive), (the Gerund) (the Participle).

, , (, ), , , .

 





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