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(the Present Indefinite / the Present Simple Tense)

 

Present Indefinite :

,, ,

:

Sh speaks English fluently. -.

He usually goes away at weekends. .

. Present Simple , : always , often , seldom , sometimes , never , usually, generally .. , , to be .

:

The earth goes round the sun. .

Brasil produces good coffee. .

, ,

Continuous (to see, to know, to hear, to feel, to like, to hate, to love, to understand, etc.): I dont see anything. . I understand what you mean. , .

, when ; after ; before , ; till, until ; as soon as ; if ; unless :

Wait here until (till) I come back. , .

If we dont hurry, well be late. , .

(

, : to go , ; to come , ; to leave ; to start ; to arrive .):

I leave Perm tomorrow. .

When does the doctor come? ?


Present Simple Tense :

 

V / Vs

 

. V verb, , to.

Present Simple , ( he , she , it ), ( ) - to.

To study () ( ).

Present Simple: I study . We study .

You study ( ). They study .

 

( he , she ,

it ) Present Simple ( to) s es :

To run () ( ).

Present Simple: He runs . She runs . It runs .

s . es :

-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -tch, -x:

to dress dresses, to wash washes, to teach teaches, to watch watches.

-

( - - i ): to study studies, to cry cries.

. - , s : to play plays, to stay stays.

:

to go goes [gouz], to do does [dAz].

 

哖 s :

[ s ] .

works [wWks]. She writes [raits]. It helps [helps].

[ z ] :

She reads [ri:dz]. sees [si:z]. The bird sings [siNz].

[ iz ] [s, z, S, Z, C, G ]:

dresses [ ' dresiz]. She washes [ ' wOSiz]. The sun rises [ ' raiziz].

 

Present Indefinite do ( does ) to . :

Do I work? Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?

Does he work? Does she work? Does it work?


.

1. , , ( ):

Doesyour younger sister goto school? ?

2. , , . to do :

Who goes there? ?

Whose brother goes there? ?

 

Present Indefinite do ( does ), not to :

I do not work. We do not work. You do not work. They do not work.

He does not work. She does not work. It does not work.

do not does not dont doesnt :

I dont understand you. .

doesnt recognize me. .

 

- not : Do you not know him? ?

- dont doesnt , :

Doesnt your son go to school? ?

 

8.2.2. to be to have

TO BE

 

to be , .

Present Simple Tense :

 

I am
He / She / It is / /
We / You / They are / /

 

:

I am = Im [aim], He is = Hes [hi:z], She is = Shes [Si:z], It is = Its [its],

We are = Were [wi: ' a:], You are = Youre [ju: ' a:], They are = Theyre [Dei ' a:].


to be Present Simple to do .

to be :

Are you a student? ?

Is your friend at home? ?

to be not :

She is not my sister. .

You are not happy. .

 

is not are not isnt arent . Am not Im not.

Im not cold. .

isnt hungry. .

You arent sure. .

 

TO HAVE

to have , . . Present Simple to have :

 

I have /
He / She / It has ()
We / You / They have (, )

 

 

to have Present Simple do ( does ) to have to :

Do you have any money? - ?

Does she have a car? ?

to have Present Simple do ( does ), not to have to :

I dont have any money. .

She doesnt have a car. .

 

to have , :

to have dinner / breakfast /

to have tea / coffee /

to have a bath / a shower /

to have a rest / a sleep /

to have a good time / holiday /

to have to do :

Where do you usually have dinner? ?

 

to have Present Indefinite to do , . to have .

Have you many friends here? ?

Has she a ball? ?

to do to have :

not to have

I havent any time. .

no to have :

I have no brothers or sisters. , .

 

to have to have got c :

I have got a headache (= Ive got a headache) .

He has got a computer (= Hes got a computer) .

to have :

Have you got a pet? No, I havent got a pet. ? , .

 

8.2.3.

(the Past Indefinite / the Past Simple Tense)

 

Past Indefinite :

.

. : yesterday ; a week ago ; last year , last summer , the other day .:

Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music. 600 .

She studied very hard last year. .

:

I dressed, went downstairs, had some coffee in the kitchen and went out to the garage. , , .

:

I saw her every day. She came many times to our house.

. .


Past Simple :

 

Ved / V2

Past Simple .

 

Past Indefinite

to ed .

 

-ed :

[ d ] :

lived [livd], distroyed [dis' trOid]

[ t ] :

helped [helpt], stopped [stOpt]

[ id ] d t:

ended ['endid], wanted ['wOntid]

 

Past Simple , :

I worked. worked. She worked. It worked.

We worked. You worked. They worked.

 

:

, ed

: to love loved.

,

, ed i :

to study studied, to cry cried.

,

, ed : to stop stopped, to per'mit permitted, to pre'fer preferred, to 'travel travelled.

 

Past Indefinite

 

: to write wrote, to send sent, to bring brought.

Past Indefinite , .

 

Past Simple to do Past Indefinite, .. did to . :

We invited them to our party. Did you invite them to your party?

I went to the cinema last night. - Did you go out last night?

 

Past Indefinite to do Past Indefinite, .. did , not to :

She did not (= didnt) pass her examination. .

I didnt see him yesterday. .

 

8.2.4. TO BE

 

to be to have Past Simple . to be Past Indefinite :

was ()

were () :

 

  I / he / she / it was     / / / / /
  We / you / they were     / /

 

Past Simple to be to do .

 

to be :

Was the weather good when you were on holiday? , ?

was / were not:

They were not (= werent) able to come because they were so busy. , .

The bag was not (= wasnt) very heavy. .

 

TO HAVE

 

to have Past Simple ( had , ) :

Ann had long hair when she was a child. , .

 

to have Past Simple to do :

Did you have any money? No, I didnt have any money.

to have

to do , no :

didnt have any brothers = He had no brothers. .

PS . to be, to have . 70.


8.2.5.

(the Future Indefinite Tense / the Future Simple Tense)

Future Simple will to :

The exam will be very difficult. .

will ll ( ):

Hellbe back in an hour. .

will :

Will you be at home this evening? ?

will not :

He will not (= wont) be here tomorrow. .

 

Future IndefiniteTense :

, : Its a bit cold in the room. Ill go and shut the window. . ;

, I (dont) think, I wonder, probably ..: I think Jane will get the job. She has a lot of experience. , . .

Future Simple tomorrow , next year , in a week , one of these days , soon ..

. shall , (. 10.6): Shall I read or translate the text? ?

 

 

(the Future -in-the-Past)

, - , , Future-in-the-Past.

Future-in-the-Past should / would to :

In his letter Peter wrote that he would go home in January. , .


(Continuous Tenses)

 

Continuous / Progressive , , (Present Continuous), - (Past Continuous), (Future Continuous). , .

Continuous to be (Present Participle / Participle I) .

Participle I ing to : tak e + ing = taking, s ee + ing = s ee ing, pla y + ing = pla y ing, si t + ing = si tt ing, d ie + ing = d y ing.

Continuous :

  to be + Ving  

 

PS . Continuous Tense . 71, 73.

 





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