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CATHODIC PROTECTION

 

Corrosion in metals is caused by the flow of electricity from one metal to another or from one part of the surface to another one. Simply stated, electricity passes from a positive area (anode) via electrolyte media to a negative area (cathode). This phenomenon is applied in cathodic protection of metals. The purpose of cathodic protection is to reduce or eliminate corrosiori by connecting a more active metal to the metal that must be protected. For example, zinc, magnesium and aluminium anodes are used to protect steel in marine and other aggressive environments. The anodes are destroyed but the base metal is protected. The anodes are replaced after they are consumed. This method has been used for a long time to protect pipelines, bridges, offshore platforms, piling, tanks of all types, particularly below water or underground.

Cathodic protection systems are not cheap but they increase the service life of installations and thus have a great economic effect. Besides, they reduce maintenance cost. For buried pipelines they guarantee the absence of corrosion. Cathodic protection systems have also permitted the use of thinner-walled pipes which results in metal saving.

 

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A CHECK ON CORROSION

Scientists have developed different methods of corrosion monitoring. Radiography is one of the most important and most versatile of all the nondestructive test methods used by industn X-rays and gamma-rays are used for this purpose. Ultrasonic testing is another nondestructive method.

Electrical resistance principle is widely used as well. Now an American firm has come up with an instrument that continually monitors and measures corrosion as it takes place and provides a warning if the corrosion exceeds a danger point.

The Corrosometer 4 200, made by Rohrback Instruments (USA), is a microprocessor- controlled electronic device that works on the principle that electrical resistance increases as the thickness of a metal decreases. The instrument monitors up to six electrical sensors that are attached to a metal part or the structure. As corrosion eats away at the metal, the sensors generate an electrical current that changes in strength according to the electrical resistance. This current strength is expressed in either inch or metric measurements on a display panel located in the control room.

A printing device can be attached to the unit to provide a permanent record of the corrosion. To provide a warning of a safety hazard caused by deteriorating the metal condition, both visual and audible alarms can be present for a specific level of corrosion.





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