37 - , : ,
, , 38.
, , , , , . , , IgG. , . 39. , - 40.
... , . 1 20 ... . 0,01%41.
, , ( -), , , . , , , (- ). , , , , ,
(Neustaedter R. The Vaccine Guide. Making an Informed Choice. Berkeley, California, 1996, p. 100).
38 ., , . . , . 148.
39 , . 145-146.
40 , .: . . ... . 48,
,
.
41 . . , . 146.
. - . - , ... , 42.
, , . , , . .
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|
(, -; DTP, DTaP Td), , ; , .
, , . , , , , . , () , 4% 6% , 43. : 20 , 20 2 ... : , , 44.
42 Dittmann S. Atypische... S. 157.
43 Dittmann S. Atypische... S. 163. , , . (, . 106, . . ). , !
44 . . , . 146.
, , . - 1938 ., . ... , 45. 1940 . . , 1940 ., . , , . , (, ?). 44- 30 46. , 47. 1973 1974 . 24- . , , . , 48. 34- , . ( ) , . ( ), -
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45 Brindle M. J., Twyman D. G. Allergic reactions to tetanus toxoid. BMJ 1962; 1:1116.
46 Regamey R.H. Die Tetanus-Schutzimpfung // Herrlich A. (Herausg.) Handbuch der Schutz-
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48 Staak M., Wirth E. Zur Problematik anaphylaktischer Reaktionen nach aktiver Tetanus-Immuni-
sierung. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 1973; 98:110-111. , -
, -
. : ...
, ... -
( . . : ,
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. 49. 1986 . 14- , , , . . 50.
(, , ) : , , 51. , , 1900 .
52.
, . 11 , , - -, , 53. - , , . , , , , , , , ? !
1,4
49 Frank . . et al. Todliche Impfkomplikationen (Lyell-Syndrom) nach Tetanustoxoid. Dtsch.
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50 Spann W. Medical Tribune 1986; 19:10.
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52 Buchwald G. Uber Todesfalle nach der Wundstarrkrampf-Impfung. Erfahrungsheilkunde
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53 Eibi et al. Abnormal T-lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy subjects after tetanus booster
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54. - , . , - , 55. , - 56. , 57. 1981 . 58. - , , , 59. - 0,4 100 . 60.
- . , 61.
, (, ).
, - , 62. - . , ( - ) . 1961 . : , , , ,
54 Dittmann S. Atypische... S. 161.
55 Ibid., S. 163.
56 Paradise G. et al. Multifocal demyelinating neuropathy after tetanus vaccine. Medicina
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57 Buchwald G. Uber Todesfalle... . . 49.
58 Dittmann S. Atypische... S. 163.
59 Eicher W., Neundorfer B. Rekurrenslahmung nach Tetanustoxoid-Auffrischimpfung (mit all-
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60 . . ... . 135.
61 Frank K.-H. Todliche...
62 ., , Relihan M. Reactions to tetanus toxoid. J. Ir. Med. Ass. 1969; 62:430-489;
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, . .
, , , , . , .
, . , , , . , . - , , , , , , , , . , . , 1995-1997 . 124 ( 0,15 1 ), 14 . 12 (!) , , , 27 66 . , , , - ( ), ; , ( ), . 66 9, ,
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63 J., Levine L. Adult immunization: II. Dosage reduction as a solution to increasing reactions to tetanus toxoid. NEJM 1961; 265:1152-3.
, . , (, , ) , 64.
, , , , . . . , , , . , 40% . ?65. , , .
, , . 24 . , , 1-5 . , , 7-10 66. , ? , , , , , - , . (2001 .), 3, 4, 5 6 18 , 6 , 14 . 10 . , , : , ...67.
64 Tetanus Surveillance United States, 1995-1997 MMWR July 3, 1998/47; (SS-2):1-13.
65 The People's Doctor. Vol. 8, 12.
66 . . , . 146.
67 Gardner P., LaForce F. M. Protection against tetanus. NEJM 1995; 333/9:599.
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68 . . 63.
69 Sneath P. A. T. et al. Tetanus immunity: the resistance of guinea pigs to lethal spore doses
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70 6 45 0,01.
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71 Passen E. L., Andersen B. Clinical tetanus despite a protective level of toxin-neutralising
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72 .
{ . . -
... . 131). ? , ,
, , ,
?
73 Abrahamian F. M. et al. Fatal tetanus in a drug abuser with protective antitetanus antibodies.
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74 Pryor T. et al. Elevated antitoxin titers in a man with generalized tetanus. J. Fam. Pract. Mar
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!75 ( ), , . 1986 . 18- , , , ; , , , 76. 1978-1982 . 10% ; 77. , ( , , )78. , , . .
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75 Crone N. ., Reder A. T. Severe tetanus in immunized patients with high anti-tetanus titers.
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76 Vieira B. L. et al. Cephalic tetanus in an immunized patient. Med. J. Austr. 1986; 145:156-7.
77 Simonsen O. et al. Epidemiology of tetanus in Denmark 1920-1982. Scand. J. Infect. Dis.
1987; 19:437-44.
78 Towlson S. Girl aged 10 catches tetanus despite vaccination. The Times Aug 14,2000.
15 19922000 . 28 ; . . 12 ( 10 , ), 3 14 - . : 80% , !79 ?
, , 80. 1991 . 1995 . (, , , , ). , , 2,5 ( , , , ). , , , . . , , . ( , ) . , , - ( ), . -
79 Fair E. et al. Philosophic Objection to Vaccination as a Risk for Tetanus Among Children
Younger Than 15 Years. Pediatrics Jan 2002; (109):l, p. e2.
80 : Diodati . J. M. Immunization... pp. 218-221.
, 20% . , , , , , , 27 30 , . , , , ! . , - , , . . 1947 ., , 1964 ., . , , , , , . , . , , , , 81.
, .
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