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37 - , : ,


, , 38.

, , , , , . , , IgG. , . 39. , - 40.

... , . 1 20 ... . 0,01%41.

, , ( -), , , . , , , (- ). , , , , ,

(Neustaedter R. The Vaccine Guide. Making an Informed Choice. Berkeley, California, 1996, p. 100).

38 ., , . . , . 148.

39 , . 145-146.

40 , .: . . ... . 48,

,
.

41 . . , . 146.

. - . - , ... , 42.

, , . , , . .

(, -; DTP, DTaP Td), , ; , .

, , . , , , , . , () , 4% 6% , 43. : 20 , 20 2 ... : , , 44.

42 Dittmann S. Atypische... S. 157.

43 Dittmann S. Atypische... S. 163. , , . (, . 106, . . ). , !

44 . . , . 146.


, , . - 1938 ., . ... , 45. 1940 . . , 1940 ., . , , . , (, ?). 44- 30 46. , 47. 1973 1974 . 24- . , , . , 48. 34- , . ( ) , . ( ), -

45 Brindle M. J., Twyman D. G. Allergic reactions to tetanus toxoid. BMJ 1962; 1:1116.

46 Regamey R.H. Die Tetanus-Schutzimpfung // Herrlich A. (Herausg.) Handbuch der Schutz-
impfungen. Berlin, 1965.

47 Cooke R. A. et al. Allergy induced by immunization with tetanus toxoid. JAMA 1940; 114:1854,
Cunningham A. A. Anaphylaxis after injection of tetanus toxoid. BMJ 1940; 522-3, Whittingham
H. E.
Anaphylaxis following administration of tetanus toxoid. BMJ 1940; 1:292, Parish H. J.,
Oakley L.
Anaphylaxis after injection of tetanus toxoid. Report of a case. BMJ 1940; 1/294.

48 Staak M., Wirth E. Zur Problematik anaphylaktischer Reaktionen nach aktiver Tetanus-Immuni-
sierung. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 1973; 98:110-111. , -
, -
. : ...
, ... -
( . . : ,
, . //, 2003, . 43). , .

. 49. 1986 . 14- , , , . . 50.

(, , ) : , , 51. , , 1900 .

52.

, . 11 , , - -, , 53. - , , . , , , , , , , ? !

1,4

49 Frank . . et al. Todliche Impfkomplikationen (Lyell-Syndrom) nach Tetanustoxoid. Dtsch.

Gesundheitswesen 1974; 29:1430-1434.

50 Spann W. Medical Tribune 1986; 19:10.

51 . . , . 147.

52 Buchwald G. Uber Todesfalle nach der Wundstarrkrampf-Impfung. Erfahrungsheilkunde

1/88; Hochrein M. Herzinfarkt und Beruf. Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Arbeitshygiene

1970; 5:165; Eisenreich A., Walter H. Herzinfarkt als Unfallfolge. Zschr. Arztl. Forth. 1972;

66:518.

53 Eibi et al. Abnormal T-lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy subjects after tetanus booster

immunization. N. Engl. J. Med. Jan 19, 1984; 310(3):198-9.


54. - , . , - , 55. , - 56. , 57. 1981 . 58. - , , , 59. - 0,4 100 . 60.

- . , 61.

, (, ).

, - , 62. - . , ( - ) . 1961 . : , , , ,

54 Dittmann S. Atypische... S. 161.

55 Ibid., S. 163.

56 Paradise G. et al. Multifocal demyelinating neuropathy after tetanus vaccine. Medicina
(B. Aires) 1990; 50(l):52-4

57 Buchwald G. Uber Todesfalle... . . 49.

58 Dittmann S. Atypische... S. 163.

59 Eicher W., Neundorfer B. Rekurrenslahmung nach Tetanustoxoid-Auffrischimpfung (mit all-
ergischer Lokalreaktion). MMW 1969; 111:1692-96; Stalikamp B. u. a. II Dtsch. med. Wschr.
1974; 99:2579.

60 . . ... . 135.

61 Frank K.-H. Todliche...

62 ., , Relihan M. Reactions to tetanus toxoid. J. Ir. Med. Ass. 1969; 62:430-489;
BaratfL. J. et al. DPT associated reactions: An analysis by injection site, manufacturer, prior
reactions, and dose. Pediatrics 1984; 73/1:31-8.

, - , 63.

, . .

, , , , . , .

, . , , , . , . - , , , , , , , , . , . , 1995-1997 . 124 ( 0,15 1 ), 14 . 12 (!) , , , 27 66 . , , , - ( ), ; , ( ), . 66 9, ,

63 J., Levine L. Adult immunization: II. Dosage reduction as a solution to increasing reactions to tetanus toxoid. NEJM 1961; 265:1152-3.


, . , (, , ) , 64.

, , , , . . . , , , . , 40% . ?65. , , .

, , . 24 . , , 1-5 . , , 7-10 66. , ? , , , , , - , . (2001 .), 3, 4, 5 6 18 , 6 , 14 . 10 . , , : , ...67.

64 Tetanus Surveillance United States, 1995-1997 MMWR July 3, 1998/47; (SS-2):1-13.

65 The People's Doctor. Vol. 8, 12.

66 . . , . 146.

67 Gardner P., LaForce F. M. Protection against tetanus. NEJM 1995; 333/9:599.

0,01 / 68. 1937 .69, , . , , 70. , : ... , , 0,01 /, , 71. , , , . 35- , , 16 72. 16 73. . 29- , , , 100 (!) 74. , ( ). , ...

68 . . 63.

69 Sneath P. A. T. et al. Tetanus immunity: the resistance of guinea pigs to lethal spore doses
induced by active and passive immunization. Am. J. Hygiene 1937; 25: 464476.

70 6 45 0,01.
Vinson D. R. Immunisation does
not rule out tetanus. BM/2000; 320:383.

71 Passen E. L., Andersen B. Clinical tetanus despite a protective level of toxin-neutralising
antibody. JAMA 1988; 25519:1171-3.

72 .
{ . . -
... . 131). ? , ,
, , ,
?

73 Abrahamian F. M. et al. Fatal tetanus in a drug abuser with protective antitetanus antibodies.
J. Emerg. Med. Feb2000; 18:189-93.

74 Pryor T. et al. Elevated antitoxin titers in a man with generalized tetanus. J. Fam. Pract. Mar
1997; 44(3):299-303. , .


!75 ( ), , . 1986 . 18- , , , ; , , , 76. 1978-1982 . 10% ; 77. , ( , , )78. , , . .

, , . , , : , ? -: , , , ? (National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System)... 15

75 Crone N. ., Reder A. T. Severe tetanus in immunized patients with high anti-tetanus titers.
Neurology 1992; 42:761-4.

76 Vieira B. L. et al. Cephalic tetanus in an immunized patient. Med. J. Austr. 1986; 145:156-7.

77 Simonsen O. et al. Epidemiology of tetanus in Denmark 1920-1982. Scand. J. Infect. Dis.
1987; 19:437-44.

78 Towlson S. Girl aged 10 catches tetanus despite vaccination. The Times Aug 14,2000.

15 19922000 . 28 ; . . 12 ( 10 , ), 3 14 - . : 80% , !79 ?

, , 80. 1991 . 1995 . (, , , , ). , , 2,5 ( , , , ). , , , . . , , . ( , ) . , , - ( ), . -

79 Fair E. et al. Philosophic Objection to Vaccination as a Risk for Tetanus Among Children
Younger Than 15 Years. Pediatrics Jan 2002; (109):l, p. e2.

80 : Diodati . J. M. Immunization... pp. 218-221.


, 20% . , , , , , , 27 30 , . , , , ! . , - , , . . 1947 ., , 1964 ., . , , , , , . , . , , , , 81.

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