E. Prepositions of Spatial Relationship

 

В современном английском языке предлоги являются средством выражения отношений существительного, местоимения, числительного либо герундия к другим словам в предложении.

A. The Structure of Prepositions

По своей структуре предлоги делятся на:

 

 

 

 

 

According to	согласно	According to his words Mike is a gifted artist.
As to (as for)	что касается	As for your lexical test, I am really pleased with the results.
because of	из-за	She didn’t accept the invitation because of her splitting headache.
by means of	посредством	She found a lot of friends by means of the Internet.
due to	благодаря, в силу, из-за	Due to his hard work Peter entered the university.
for the sake of	ради	Every year the Browns go to the Crimea for the sake of their kids.
in case of	в случае	In case of robbery ring up 102
in connection with	в связи с	Take my warmest congratulations in connection with your birthday party
in spite of, despite smth	несмотря на	In spite of rainy weather they went for a walk. Despite piercing pain in her ankle she went to the ball.
instead of	вместо	She bought apples instead of oranges.
on account of	по причине, из-за	On account of her illness she had to miss the conference
thanks to	благодаря	Thanks to her patience he recovered.

Exercise 1. Complete the following prepositional phrases by choosing a word from the list below.

 

a cost, the influence agreement, the benefit, answer, the compliments, behalf, good terms, reference, means, peace, pity,

1. at a cost of

2. at ___________ with

3. by ___________ of

4. for ___________ of

5. in ___________ with

6. in ____________ to

7. on ___________ of

8. on ___________with

9. out of ________ for

10. under _________ of

11. with __________ to

12. with __________ of

 

Exercise 2. Complete the following prepositional phrases by choosing a word from the list below.

 

 

account, addition, common, exchange, favour, odds, regard, respect, the exception, the expense, the sake, virtue

 

1. 1. in ___exchange_____ for

2. 2. in _______________ with

3. 3. in _______________ to

4. 4. in _______________ of

5. at _______________ with

6. at _______________ of

7. with _____________ to

8. with _____________ of

9. for ______________ of

10. out of ___________ for

11. on ______________ of

12. by ______________ of

 

B. Prepositions of Time:

at	at five o’clock, at dawn, at noon, at lunch, at night, at the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter	в пять часов, на рассвете, в полдень, во время ланча, ночью, на выходные, на Рождество, на Пасху
in	in June, in 2007, in the evening, in spring, in nineties, in a minute	в июне, в 2007, вечером, весной, в 90-е, через минуту
on	on weekdays, on Christmas Day, on Wednesday, on Tuesday evening, on May 10, on a sunny day	в будние дни, в день рождества, в среду, во вторник вечером, десятого мая, в солнечный день
by	by the end of the year, by 5 p.m., by September	к концу года, к пяти часам вечера, к сентябрю
during	during the party, during his spring recess	Во время вечеринки, во время его весенних каникул
for	for three days, for a couple of weeks	в течение трех дней, в течение нескольких недель
after	after lunch	после ланча
from…till	from dusk to dawn, from 6 till 8, from May till July	от заката до рассвета, с 6 до 8, с мая по июль
since	since evening, since then	с вечера, с тех пор
within	within an hour, within a month	в течение часа, в течение месяца

Exercise 1. Insert the necessary prepositions of time:

1.	I left work ______ ten o'clock last night.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
2.	I saw Bob in the street ______ yesterday.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
3.	I didn't get time to come and visit you ______ last Tuesday.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
4.	He used to be a regular visitor ______ Tuesdays.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
5.	I phoned her up and spoke to her ______ Wednesday morning.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
6.	I last saw him ______ the beginning of September.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
7.	I saw him sometime ______ June.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
8.	Were you at the last meeting ______ July 13?
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
9.	We bought the company ______ Thursday, 22 May.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
10.	I spoke to her ______ three weeks ago.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
11.	I bought this computer ______ the start of the summer.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
12.	I bought this computer ______ the summer.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
13.	I bought this computer ______ last summer.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
14.	This style was very popular ______ the 1970's.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
15.	They were very popular ______ the middle of the 19th Century.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
16.	I was still at school ______ 1993.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
17.	I met him ______ January of last year.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
18.	I knew John Brown quite well ______ when I was at university.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
19.	I took over this job ______ the middle of last year.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)
20.	I was in a meeting ______ all day yesterday.
a)	at
b)	on
c)	in
d)	(no preposition)

JOKE TIME

ü Patient: Doctor! Doctor! I think I’m a dog.

ü Doctor: Sit down, please.

ü Patient: I can’t. I’m not allowed on the furniture.

 

Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences with the prepositions in, on, at:

1. I'm going there ____ Monday.

2. The meeting's ____ the third of June.

3. The course starts ____ the autumn.

4. I'm going away _____ Easter.

5. She was born ___ 2002.

6. It happened ____ Wednesday.

7. It was popular ____ the 1990s.

8. I'm going skiing _____ Christmas.

9. ____ the weekend.

10. I’ll call you back ____ a minute.

 

Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences with during, for, while:

1. She's going to study abroad ____ the summer.

2. Something funny happened _____ the lecture.

3. It happened ____ I was away.

4. Do it ____ you can.

5. _____ I was coming here it was starting to rain.

6. He's been working _____ three weeks.

7. I fell asleep _____ the film.

8. Did you see Tom _____ your vacation?

9. We talked _____ an hour.

10. _____ our stay in London, we visited a lot of museums.

11. What did you do _____ you were in London?

12. I think I need to study French _____ a few months before I go there.

13. I broke my arm _____ I was playing squash.

14. He broke into tears _____ the film.

15. Could you hold on _____ a few moments?

Exercise 3. Insert the necessary prepositions of time :

1. Jane is arriving ___ January 26 ___2 o'clock ___the afternoon.
2. It snows here every year ___December. We always go outside and play in the snow ___Christmas day.
3. Michael is leaving ___Friday ___noon.
4. Lisa started working for her law firm ___1991.
5. Franklin began working on the project ___yesterday.
6. Normally, ____New Year's Eve, it's tradition to kiss the one you love ___midnight.
7. Don't be ridiculous; there were no telephones ___the seventeenth century! The telephone was invented ___the 1870s.
8. The plane leaves ___tomorrow morning ___8:00 a.m.
9. The hills here are covered with wildflowers ____early spring.
10. We met at the restaurant ____6:30 and stayed ____10:30.

 

Exercise 4. Insert the prepositions of time:

My birthday’s...... May a) in b) on c) at She'll be away...... next week a) since b) at c) until The exam is...... the tenth of December a) in b) on c) at     I always have dinner with my family..... Christmas Day a) in b) at c) on In Spain, they give each other presents..... Christmas Eve a) in b) on c) at The lecture finished..... five thirty a) at b) on c) in I hate it when people telephone......... I'm having dinner a) during b) while c) for I like to go to a party....... New Year's Eve a) in b) on c) at The term is from September...... December a) to b) for c) at He hasn't worked....... he lost his job a) since b) for c) by The car won't be ready..... Friday a) until b) in c) since You must see Paris..... the Spring a) in b) on c) at He doesn't start work until late.... the afternoon a) on b) in c) at Snow generally falls..... February a) in b) on c) at People give chocolate eggs as presents...... Easter a) on b) in c) at Did I miss anything....... I was on the phone? a) while b) during c) for I have lessons.... Mondays and Wednesdays a) in b) on c) at He didn't do the work...... his boss got angry a) since b) for c) until She was off work...... a fortnight a) for b) at c) in Nobody spoke...... the film a) during b) since c) on It's always colder....... November than September a) on b) in c) at Their first child was born..... the spring a) on b) at c) in I've known him....... a long time a) since b) for c) at I'll see you..... ten o' clock a) at b) on c) in She was born..... 1985 a) at b) in c) on

C. Prepositions of Place

2) at - у, около, на (указывает на нахождение предмета вблизи другого предмета); The car is at the house. - в, на (указывает на участие в каком-либо действии или процессе): She is at the meeting now.
Tom is waiting for his sister at the bank.
Sue spent the whole afternoon at the market.
2) on – обозначает на поверхности There is a new roof on the house.
Three players are practicing on the field. (поверхность)
The frost made patterns on the window.

3) in – обозначает в (внутри чего-либо) The house is in the county.
There are five rooms in the house, which has a lovely fireplace in the living room.
A face appeared in the window.

 

 

a) The children are playing in the street.
b) Our house is on Third Street.
c) He declared bankruptcy last week, and now he's out on the street.	(This is an idiom meaning that he's poor.)

 

Exercise 1. Insert the necessary prepositions of place:

 

 

1. I live ___________ Australia.
on at in by

2. The bank is __________ the supermarket.
next beside to side next to

3. The file is ____________ the table.
under down bottom

4. There is a restaurant _______________ the Empire State Building.
top on the top of above over

5. The bridge goes __________ the river.
above over through across

6. There's a good film __________ the screens.
by with to on

7. Paris is __________ France.
in to by at

8. Versailles is __________ Paris.
next by near at

 

Exercise 2. Write the correct prepositions of place:

 

1. I met Christine..... university.

2. Don't believe everything you read..... newspapers.

3. Christian isn't here. He's..... work.

4. Kurt's office is..... the second floor.

5. There were a lot of people..... the party.

6. Frank met Maria..... the way to work.

7. Susanne is..... a meeting.

8. I had a meal..... the train.

9. My children are..... home.

10. This is the best cake..... the world!

 

JOKE TIME

Man: What’s the best way to remove paint from a chair?

Shopkeeper: Sit down on it before it’s dry.

 

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions:

 

 

Student A: Student B:

a)

on

b)

in

c)

at

d)

of

Karin: I don't see it. I only see tomatoes. Karl: It's _______ the tomatoes.

a)

in

b)

next to

c)

next

d)

into

Karin: It's not here. Karl: Oh, look ____ the refrigerator.

a)

under

b)

at

c)

into

d)

in

Karin: I don't see any garlic. Karl: Look ______ the beer.

a)

at

b)

behind

c)

in

d)

through

Karin: It's not there. Karl: Look on the floor. Maybe it's _______ the table.

a)

on

b)

above

c)

under

d)

in

Karin: No, it's not there either. Karl: Maybe it fell _______ the stove and the refrigerator. Look there.

a)

on

b)

in

c)

under

d)

between

Karl: Did you find it? Karin: Yes, but it wasn't ______ the refrigerator and the stove.

a)

in

b)

under

c)

between

d)

from

Karl: Where was it? Karin: It wasn't ______ the refrigerator.

a)

at

b)

of

c)

for

d)

in

Karl: Was it _____ the table?

a)

to

b)

on

c)

at

d)

for

Karin: No, it was _____ my hand!

a)

from

b)

for

c)

into

d)

in

Exercise 4. The preposition quiz:

1. I am ……. work.
2. We are sitting …….the park. It is a nice day.
3. My car is parked…….. the parking lot.
4. Our house is ……..the end of the street.
5. My sister lives…….the 6th floor.
6. The books are ……..the bag.
7. The books are………the table.
8. There are a lot of books …….the library.
9. I called their house, but nobody was …….home.
10. There is a beautiful picture …….the wall.
11. The clock fell……..floor. I have to pick it up.
12. Come sit ……. the table. It is time to eat.
13. There is a lot of food……. the refrigerator
14. The cookies are ……. the top shelf.
15. The computer is …….the table.
16. The horse is …….the stables.
17. Is your name …….the mailbox?
18.Are your children ……. the 2nd grade?
19.Is anyone going to wait for me ……..the door?

Exercise 5. Describe the picture using the suitable prepositions:

1. There are several pictures _____ the wall.

2. There are two pillows _____ the bed.

3. There's a towel hanging _____ the wall.

4. There's a towel hanging _____ a hook.

5. There's a chair _____ the bed and the table.

6. There's a jug _____ the table.

7. There are some coats _____ the bed.

8. You can see a light _____ the window.

9. There's a door _____ the left.

10. There's nothing _____ the bed.