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ANNOTATION
Like many other spheres, higher education is engaged in the process of European integration. Ukraine defined the goal to enter the European Educational and Research Area, this country carries out modernization of education in the context of European requirements to join the Bologna process.
The Lisbon Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications Concerning Higher Education in the European Region was adopted in 1997 under an aegis of the European Council and UNESCO. This convention was signed by 43 countries (Ukraine was among them), and afterwards the major principles of Bologna declaration were formulated. The Lisbon Convention states the cultural diversity of a specific educational system and aims to create conditions for promotion of mobility and European/ international employability of students.
In a year, France, Italy, Great Britain and Germany signed the Sorbonne declaration. The goal of the declaration is to foster the coherent, compatible and competitive European Higher Education Area on the world market of educational services. The main point of these issues is a two-cycle structure of higher education, application of credits system (ECTS), international recognition of bachelor's degree as the level of higher education, that provides qualification and right to continue education within the programs of master's degree in terms of the Lisbon Convention.
Thus, the provisions for the process of integration in the sphere of European higher education were created. Ukraine takes an active part in this process. Modernization of the Ukrainian higher education are based on the European principles. The main issues of the Bologna Declaration will be implemented by 2010, year 2005 is the intermediate stage for monitoring.
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Currently, the major goal is to implement academic credits, similar to ECTS (European Credit Transfer System). ECTS is the means of fostering student mobility in terms of transition from one program to another, from undergraduate to graduate degree.
ECTS will become the multipurpose tool for recognition, mobility, syllabi reformation and credit transfer to higher educational establishments of other countries. The significant point of the introduction of the credit accumulation system is the possibility to take into consideration not only student educational load, but all student achievements: engagement in research programs, conferences, subject olympiads etc.
Implementation of modular system in terms of every discipline and coordination of credit system is the basis for creation of the conditions
for European mobility of students, faculty, researchers and managers of education, which is one of the goals of the Bologna declaration. Essential point is existence of internal and external state and public systems of quality assurance in education.
The major criteria of education in terms of Bologna process are: qualitative training of graduates, reinforcement of trust between the subjects of education, mobility, compatibility of qualifications, strengthening of competitiveness of the European higher education.
These requirements are the program of the development of the Ukrainian higher education.
This manual contains information about the key stages of creation and implementation of (he principles of the Bologna process, ECTS and its implementation in higher education, the goals and principles of adaptation of the higher education of Ukraine into the European Educational and Research Area. The book is recommended for master, graduate and refreshment courses students. It can be used for conducting of seminars of university faculty, and among other staff engaged in education.
The manual is written on the basis of the.syllabus Higher education of Ukraine and the Bologna process (Kyiv - Teraopil: V. Hnatyuk Ternopil State Pedagogical University, 2004. - 18 p.), ratified by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine ( 14/18. 2-715 from 09.04.2004). The structure of the book follows the requirements of the credit-modular system of organization of educational process in higher educational establishments and is concerted with the structure of maintenance of educational course, recommended by the European Credit-transfer System (ECTS).
The present publication has two modules: 1. European educational integration (consists of 4 chapters); 2. Adaptation of higher education of Ukraine to the requirements of the Bologna process (consists of 3 chapters).
Chapter 1 European integration of Ukraine as a factor of socio-economic development of the state. Role of education in the development of partnership of Ukraine with other states focuses on the European choice of Ukraine as an inalienable constituent of its subsequent development. Chronology and short description of the main points of collaboration of Ukraine and EU is presented. The chapter contains data on scientific and technical collaboration of Ukraine and EU, describes principles and ways of joining of Ukraine the European information and education area.
Chapter 2 Systems of higher education in the countries of Europe and America is devoted to the description of the systems of higher education of the European countries and the USA. The chapter contains
information on: principles and tasks of higher education in the developed countries, systems of higher education, access to education, educational establishments, degree system, qualifications, organization of studies, academic year and examinations, methods of studies, access to education of foreign students.
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Chapter 3 Bologna process as a means of integration and democratization of higher education of countries of Europe contains information about the factors of European integration on the whole and in higher education in particular. Chronology of events of the Bologna process is presented. The content of basic documents of the Bologna process is given in brief: Sorbonne Joint Declaration on Harmonization of the Architecture of the European Higher Education System by the four Ministers in charge of higher education for France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom (Sorbonne, 25 March 1998), The European Higher Education Area the Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999, Joint declaration of the European Ministers of Education Shaping the European Higher Education Area (the Convention of European Higher Education Institutions, Salamanca (29 30 March 2001)), Towards the European Higher Education Area Communique of the meeting of European Ministers in charge of Higher Education in Prague on May 19th 2001, The construction of a European Higher Education Area Communique of the meeting of European Ministers in charge of Higher Education in Berlin on September 19-20th 2003.
Chapter 4 The Fundamental Goals, Principles and Stages of Construction of European Higher Education Area is concerned with major points of harmonization of architecture of European higher education as the key task of the Bologna process. Description of the main principles of European higher education is presented: quality, competitiveness, compatibility of the structure of education and qualifications at two-cycle and the next levels, mobility of students, mutual recognition of education.
Chapter 5 European credit-transfer and accumulation system ECTS introduces ECTS. The chapter contains information on structure, basic requirements, advantages and disadvantages of the European credit-transfer system (ECTS). The basic elements of this system are described: information (on the syllabi and achievements of students), contract (between educational establishments-partners and a student), application of the ECTS credits (determination of the educational load of students), basic ECTS documents: informational package, educational contract, list of disciplines and their evaluation. The general conditions of the ECTS application are described: ECTS structure and awarding; student educational load; peculiar features of ECTS; appointment of ECTS co-ordinators; contents
and structure of informational package of the educational establishment, department, discipline, credit; structure of a degree course; description of the course disciplines; ECTS evaluation scale.
Chapter 6 Principles, ways and instruments of adaptation of the European credit transfer system (ECTS) to the higher education of Ukraine is dealt with tendencies and strategic objectives of the development of higher education of Ukraine. Similar and diverse features of the Ukrainian and European systems of higher are analyzed. The chapter expands on the grounds of joining of the higher education of Ukraine the Bologna process and on concordance and combination of national components of higher education with the requirements of the Bologna process in terms of European Higher Education Area.
The main goals for creation of the conditions for the implementation of the credit-modular system in educational establishments of the ϲ - IV levels of accreditation are specified.
Chapter 7 Introduction of the credit-modular system at higher educational establishments of Ukraine contains information about the measures taken towards joining the European-Higher Education Area. The chapter describes the program of conducting the pedagogical experiment on the application of the credit-modular system in higher educational establishments of the III-IV levels of accreditation, legislative and prescriptive documentation of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on the development and experimental verification of the technology of application of elements of the European credit-transfer and accumulation system (ECTS) to the system of higher education of Ukraine and creation of the modern quality control system of educational activity of the subjects of education. The text of the Statute of the organization of educational process in the higher educational establishments of Ukraine according to the credit-modular system of training of specialists is presented here.
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The book contains the glossary of basic terms and concepts of higher education. The samples of ECTS documents are given in the annex.
The present manual will be beneficial for faculty, undergraduate and graduate students, everybody who is concerned with the problems of European integration of higher education.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors of the book express their deepest gratitude to O.V. Huzar, B.B. Buyak, L.I. Verhun, V.M. Kuzmych, M.P. Yaremchuk, members of the Scientifical-Methodical Center for the Implementation of Credit-Modular System at Volodymyr Hnatyuk State Pedagogical University, who contributed their mite in preparation and edition of this book.
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