, .
, . .
, .
, . . .
υ1/υ2=S1/S2 υS=const
. .
, ( , ) .
P1V + mgh1 + (mυ12)/2 = P2V = mgh2 + (mυ22)/2
PV + mgh + (mυ2)/2 =const
. V.
(PV)/V + (mgh)/V + (mυ2)/2V = const
P + pgh + (pυ2)/2 = const
.
- ; pgh - ; pυ2 /2 - . .
- , . ( , ..).
() .
- , . .
, .
, . .
. = n - = h2 - h1
: - /2 [], - /2, 1 = 10 /2.
: (), 1 = /2 = 9,8 104,
(), 1 = 760 ... = 1,013 105 , 1... = 13.6 ...
, , 1 = 105 = 750 ...
. , , . , , . , :
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P1 + (pυ12)/2 = P2 +(pυ22)/2
S, > S2, υ2 > υ1. , > 2. 2 , - . . , , , .
() . , . , . , . , . . :
1. .
2. .
: 3- , 4- , , , .. . , :
1. Fη ~ S
2. Fη ~ dυ/dx
:
, , .
3. , , . - η. , , .
Fη = η (dυ/dx)S
. S = 1 dυ/dx = 1, F = η
, , .
: η =Fηdx/Sdυ; / 2 (/) = / 2 =
: () = / 2; / 2 = 105 / 104 2 = 10 . . , . . , , .
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, . : . . , , , , , .
F = 6πηrυ
0,20,3 , .
1. = mg, .
2. FB, .
3. FTp, .
, , , 0.
= F + F, F = - F
F = 6πηrυ,
P = mg; m = pTV; P=pTVTg =4/3 πr3pTg
F = pVTg = 4/3 πr3g
6πηrυ=4/3 πr3g (p p) η=2/9 (gr2(p - p)/υ)
, V = s /t, s, - t. . . , . , . , , -. , , (R<1) R4, dP/dl η, π/8.
Q=(πR4dP)/(8ηdl)
dP/dl , dP , dl . , :
V1/t = πR4/8η1dl 1
V2/t = πR4/8η2dl 2
, 1 2.
η2/η1 = V1/V2 - -.
- , . . () , , , () . , , .
() . η1, η2 :
η2 = η1V1
:
1. .;
2. ( );
3. .
. , , . (), . , . .
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, (υ .)
, , . :
υ = (Rη)/pD
η - , - , D - . R . R = 2300, . . , , . , , , , , , . (pgh1 = pgh2 =...), h1 = h2 =..., (pυ12/ 2 = υ22 / 2 =...), .. υ1 = υ2=... . (1 = 2). , . , , .
P1V = P2V + ATP P1V = P2V + FTPL
, . . L , 2 . . , , .
:
1. , .. F ~ η,
2. , .. ,
3. , - .
.
Q=(πr4dP)/(8ηL), J=U/R
U dP, J Q, R - X
Q=(dP)/X, X=(8ηL)/ (πr4)
X η, L . ;
6 = X1 + 2 + 3 + ... - ,
1 / 6= 1 / X1 + 1 / 2 + 1 / 3 +...
. , , . , , . , . - . AV, , ( ), . . . .
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υ .=((Eh)/2pr))1/2
- , h - , - , - . , (), , , , . . , ( ) , t, .. .
.
, . . ( ), , . . ( ) . ( ) . . , . ( ). . , . . . . () . () . () , R(x). , a R(x) , X, L , .